仿生微纳结构的隐形特性研究

Stealth technology is of great importance in reducing the probability of being found and detected and improving the survival ability for military targets. However, in modern times, highly devdloped detection technology made the pre-existing stealth technology become invalid. The mostly stealth technologies are only for one detection method. It can't meet the need of omnidirectional invisibility to broad-band detection. This project intends to apply natural butterfly's angle offset porperty and broad-band radiation suppression property to the basic research for compatible stealth techonology. Those two kinds of porperties are caused by the joint influence of reflection, interference, diffraction of the natural photonic crystal. This kind of three dimensional photonic crystal is formed by micro-nano structure on Morpho scales. The project put interest in butterflies who were equipped with stealth technology, such as Morpho butterfly. Its excellent stealth property was studied to probe the secrets and principle, the interaction mechanism between the micro-nano structure and electromagnetic radiation, the corresponding relation between stealth effect and characteristic parameters of micro-nano structure, such as structure morphology, structural distribution, materials, characteristic scale. The surface structure which was equipped with angle offset and broad-band radiation suppression was designed, the relationship bewteen stealth performance and structure characteristics was modelling, according to the natural structures of Morpho butterfly. Nanoimprint lithography, nanolithography and many other micro-nano manufacturing methods was used in series of experiments to explore manufacturing process. This project can develop a new approach for the stealth technology by designing and manufacturing new form of bio-mechanics, it will made breakthroughs in omnidirectional invisibility against several reconnaissance methods and broad-band detection. The resolvent to this project will develop our own stealth technology for China and provide theories and technical support.

隐形技术对降低军事目标被探测和发现的概率、提高生存能力具有重要意义。然而，在探测技术高度发展的现代，现有隐形技术大多只针对单一侦察方法，无法在波段兼容性和效果方面满足全方位隐形的需求。本项目拟借助闪蝶鳞片表面三维微纳结构所形成的天然光子晶体对光的反射、干涉、衍射所造成的宽波段辐射抑制和角偏效应，开展具有兼容性隐形技术的基础性研究。以Morpho等具有隐形特性的蝴蝶为研究对象，研究其微纳结构对光的作用机理，明确其优异的隐形特性原理及其与结构形态、结构分布、组织材料、特征尺度等特征参数的对应关系。模拟鳞片表面结构，进行表面结构设计，建立兼具宽波段辐射抑制和角偏效应的性能结构模型。并利用纳米压印、刻蚀等多种微纳制造手段进行实验研究以探索其制备工艺。本课题的研究将为隐形技术的发展开辟一条新途径，使其在宽波段和兼容性方面取得突破性进展，为开发我国特有的隐形技术提供理论基础和技术支持。

本项目以闪蝶、凤蝶等具有隐形特性的蝴蝶为研究对象，借助不同尺度的显微平台对其三维微纳特征进行了测量，并利用自行搭建的光学测试平台对其可见光谱范围和红外光谱范围的反射性能进行了测试。根据多层薄膜干涉理论和衍射光栅理论研究了其微纳结构对光的作用机理，通过基于严格耦合波和时域有限差分的光学仿真方法明确了其优异的隐形特性原理及其与结构形态、结构分布、组织材料、特征尺度等特征参数的对应关系。模拟鳞片表面结构，提取对隐形特性效果显著的结构特征参数进行了仿蝶翅结构设计，建立了具有宽波段辐射抑制效应的性能结构模型。并利用溅射、刻蚀等多种微纳制造手段进行了实验研究以探索其制备工艺。.项目借助天然蝶翅鳞片表面三维微纳结构所形成的天然光子晶体对光的反射、干涉、衍射所造成的宽波段辐射抑制效应，开展了具有兼容性的隐形技术的基础性研究。该项目的研究为仿蝶翅结构的宽波段辐射抑制效应在隐形方面的应用提供了理论方法和技术支持，为隐形结构的设计和制造贡献了具有一定价值的研究成果.