基于在轨测量误差补偿的卫星高精度姿态确定方法研究

Satellite on-orbit environment factors will reduce the accuracy of attitude measurement sensors’ output data significantly. In order to estimate the attitude with high accuracy, the influence of various on-orbit environment factors should be analyzed. This project concentrates on dealing with this problem. Considering the fact that various measurement errors, including periodicity error, multiply error and uncertainty error etc., exist in attitude measurement data, we develop the researches on measurement data’s characteristic analysis, uncertainty error modeling, data dimensionality reduction and optimal estimation methods. Two different strategies, i.e., compensation directly and restraint indirectly, are employed to design the high accuracy attitude determination methods. These new methods are suitable to deal with complex on-orbit measurement error. Concretely, the researches include: analyzing influence principle and characteristic of sensors’ measurement error, designing high accuracy attitude determination method based on covariance constraint condition, designing high accuracy attitude determination method based on dimensionality reduction approaches, constructing accuracy response function based performance evaluation. The research of this project can provide useful guidance in a lot of real applications, such as high accuracy attitude control, high resolution imaging and high precision surveying.

卫星运行过程中受到各种在轨环境因素的影响，使得敏感器实际输出数据的精度远远低于地面测试的测量精度。为实现高精度姿态确定，需要综合考虑各种在轨环境因素影响，本项目针对在轨卫星姿态测量中存在周期性误差、乘性噪声以及不确定性模型误差的实际问题，通过测量数据特性分析、不确定性误差建模、数据维数约简及最优估计理论的研究，采用直接补偿与间接抑制两种思路，设计适于处理在轨卫星复杂测量误差的高精度姿态确定方法，并对设计的新方法的姿态确定效果进行评估。具体内容包括：敏感器测量误差影响机理与误差特性分析，基于协方差约束的高精度卫星姿态确定方法，基于数据维数约简的高精度卫星姿态确定方法，基于精度响应函数的姿态确定效果评估。课题的研究能够为实现高精度姿态控制及高分辨成像、高精度测绘等卫星应用提供理论和技术支撑，具有重要的现实意义。

本项目针对高分辨成像、立体测绘等卫星的在轨高精度姿态确定需求背景，考虑到敏感器在轨姿态测量误差复杂的问题，采用物理分析、数学建模、实验验证的思路，获得保证在轨卫星高精度姿态确定性能的理论和方法。首先，通过基于特征关联的维数约简理论的研究，提出了敏感器在轨姿态测量误差影响机理与误差特征提取方法，精化了星敏感器测量误差模型，提高星敏感器测量输出数据模型的准确性与实用性；进而,在建立的模型基础上，基于最优估计理论，提出削弱敏感器在轨姿态测量误差影响的姿态确定新方法，提高在轨卫星姿态确定精度；并通过对姿态确定“逆问题”的研究，建立各种误差因素与卫星姿态确定精度之间影响关系的姿态确定精度响应函数，进行姿态确定效果评估，并为在轨卫星高精度姿态测量方案设计与姿态确定技术起反馈作用，实现姿态确定的闭环研究模式。本项目的研究工作是高分辨率成像、高精度测绘、深空探测等卫星应用的重要基础和关键技术，为提高现代化联合作战中的侦察、监视和战场态势评估等方面能力提供重要的技术支撑。基于上述成果，项目组完成了原定研究计划了目标，共发表（含录用）学术论文10篇，其中SCI检索6篇，EI检索3篇。申请国家发明专利及国防专利5项。培养硕士研究生3人。