西瓜连作障碍土壤微生物群落结构-功能模型及土壤功能预测

Microbial community construct and function relationship for long term monoculture watermelon soils which an ecological model of soil microbial community construct via watermelon plant growth was established as it could be used for prediction of watermelon growth. The proposed model will elucidate the possible ecological mechanism for soil sickness for long term monoculture of watermelon and give instructions and references for farmers because soil sickness has severely affected the watermelon production in the long term monoculture system in China. .Soil samples from topsoil of 0-10cm and 11-20cm in length from 6 key watermelon planting places nationally with growing duration of 1 to 5 years consecutively were collected. Multiple modern analytical instruments and methods such as PCR-DGGE, qPCR and Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing were used to determine and analyze for mutual testification, comparison and supplement. Many microbial population and community indices such as soil community construct, predominate population/group, beneficial microbial population/harmful populations/group competition, especially dynamic authonothous antagonistic microbial populations against pathogens, production and ecological functional microbial populations/group abundance, microbial community construct and community succession process were investigated. The watermelon growth properties in differed cropping year of watermelon were also investigated. SPSS version 16.0 and Canonical Cluster Analysis software was used to analyze data. Microbial community construct in long term monoculture of watermelon soil vs watermelon growth was modeled based on obtained data. The initial model was testified and corrected by actual application in field watermelon planting. A scientific model was proposed after practical corrections and calibration of actual watermelon farming indices to predict and warn farmers and administrators of soil production and ecological function.

本研究目的在于探明多年西瓜连作障碍土壤微生物群落结构与功能关系，在土壤微生物群落结构与西瓜生长之间建立可预测和评估土壤功能的生态模型，在阐述西瓜连作障碍机理的同时，为农业生产服务。从全国6个主要西瓜产地连作1-5年的土壤中采集0-10cm、11-20cm土样，采用多种现代分析仪器和方法（PCR-DGGE、qPCR、Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序）相互印证、比较、补充，分析西瓜连作土壤中群落结构、优势种群/类群、有益/有害微生物种群/类群竞争尤其是土著拮抗微生物与病原微生物的竞争动态、生产/生态功能微生物种群/类群丰度、微生物群落结构与群落演替过程；调查不同连作年限西瓜生长性状，利用SPSS16和Canonical聚类分析软件进行聚类分析，建立西瓜连作土壤微生物群落-西瓜生长关系模型，并经过大田数据验证校正后，提出预测评估西瓜连作土壤的生产生态功能模型。

本研究目的在于探明多年西瓜连作障碍土壤微生物群落结构与功能关系，在土壤微生物群落结构与西瓜生长之间建立可预测和评估土壤功能的生态模型，在阐述西瓜连作障碍机理的同时，为农业生产服务。从全国10个主要西瓜产地连作1-15年的农田采集土样，采用多种现代分析仪器和方法（qPCR、Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序）相互印证、比较、补充，分析西瓜连作土壤中群落结构、优势种群/类群、有益/有害微生物种群/类群竞争尤其是土著拮抗微生物与病原微生物的竞争动态、生产/生态功能微生物种群/类群丰度、微生物群落结构与群落演替过程；提出预测评估西瓜连作土壤的生产生态功能模型。.研究发现连作西瓜土壤微生物群落结构和生物多样性及丰富都不同程度发生改变。连作西瓜土壤中基本的土著细菌和真菌种群基本保持不变，但是连作土壤细菌种群数量下降，真菌种群数量增加有害微生物种群和丰度增加，有益微生物种群和丰度降低；不同地区、气候、土壤、种植方式、西瓜品种的连作土壤微生物优势种群和群落结构不同。本研究首次提出关键有害微生物占比指数（潜在危害指数、H指数）和关键有害微生物/典型拮抗微生物指数（对抗指数、P指数）概念，以及H指数与西瓜产量相关关系提出的连作土壤西瓜潜在理论生态产量预测模型，根据不同指数进行连作土壤可能的风险分析和评估，可以很好的指导农业生产；与有关企业合作研制生物有机肥可以有效缓解西瓜连作障碍。.本项目在国际上投稿3篇SCI论文（国家基金委第一标注单位），发表2篇，1篇在审，投稿1篇中文学术论文在审；申请国家发明专利2项，授权1项；获得黑龙江省科技进步一等奖1项，农业部丰收奖1项；培养本科生12人，毕业4人，培养硕士研究生3人，毕业1人；对农民专业户和合作社进行知识和科普培训2次，培训农民180人次；免费发放科普宣传手册500份，免费放生物有机肥40吨；超额完成国家基金委规定的考核目标和指标。