室温常压脉冲等离子体微束3D打印微超级电容器

With the rapid development of miniaturized electronic devices, such as portable devices and wearable devices, there is growing need for micropower sources with high performance. Small scale supercapactior, also called micro-supercapacitor, is one of the most promising candidates among different energy storage devices, for its high power density and long cyclic life. However, the major challenge that.hinder the application of micro-supercapacitor is their low specific areal capacitance and energy density, and developing micro-supercapacitors with high performance in a limited footprint area has attracted much attention in recent years. Constructing micro-supercapacitors with three dimensional electrode architectures is expected to substantially improve the energy density without sacrificing the power densities and cyclic stability. This project proposes to fabricate three dimensional micro-supercapacitors by 3D printing methods with the assistance of room temperature atmospheric pulsed micro-plasma jet. Carbon nanotubes and graphene mixed with metallic and polymeric nanofibers are selected. Detailed studies will be carried out on the interactions between plasma and the carbon based composite powders, the effect of 3D parameters on the component, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the processed composites. Finally, by optimizing the 3D printing parameters together with the optimization of the three dimensional architecture, we hope to prepare a micro-supercapacitor with outstanding performance. The success of the present research project is both of scientific and technological importance for the development of micro-supercapacitor.

随着便携设备、可穿戴设备等电子设备的体积越来越小。其能量存储装置也需要小型化、微型化。在诸多微型储能器件中，微型超级电容器由于其高功率密度及优秀的循环性能而备受关注。然而在有限的封装面积内，较低的容值及能量密度是微超级电容器所面临的最主要的问题。构筑具有三维结构的微超级电容器被认为是解决该问题最佳方案。本项目提出利用室温常压脉冲等离子体微束技术辅助3D打印的方法，有望成功制作出具有高性能三维结构的微超级电容器。本项目拟选择典型碳纳米材料复合金属纳米材料和高分子纳米材料为对象，系统研究3D打印过程中等离子体与纳米粉末的交互作用机理；复合纳米材料在等离子体作用下成分、微结构及性能的演变规律。通过工艺参数的优化，结合三维空间结构的优化，制造出高性能的微超级电容器。本项目对实现微超级电容器的广泛应用具有重要的科学与工程意义。

大气压等离子体能够产生高通量的活化粒子、电子和离子等高反应活性物种，可用于对聚合物，金属等多种材料进行处理，这使得其在材料科学具有多样化的应用场景。探索等离子体在材料及器件制备方面的应用具有非常重要的意义。本项目利用大气压等离子体制备碳基材料薄膜及微超级电容器，并探索利用大气压等离子对金属材料的处理方法。系统研究了不同处理工艺参数下，碳基材料薄膜微和金属材料的结构及性能的演变规律，并对可控改性的机理进行了探讨。获得主要成果如下：(1) 以电化学剥离法制备得到的石墨烯为电极材料，利用脉冲等离子体射流刻蚀技术制备得到石墨烯基微超级电容器，其表现出高达6.41 mF cm-2的面积比电容，以及优异的机械稳定性以及循环稳定性。（2）利用大气压脉冲等离子体射流，成功实现了碳纳米管/石墨烯/银纳米线复合膜材的增材-减材加工，并成功制备了3D微超级电容器。（3）基于大气压射频等离子体成功开发出一种新颖的脱合金化方法，可同时实现多孔金属及金属纳米线的制备，并阐述了相关现象的基本原理。（4）利用以上方法成功实现了纳米多孔Cu、Fe等多种多孔材料的制备，并同时制得了锌纳米线。获得的纳米多孔Fe具有优异的污水降解效率，比商用零价铁催化剂高26倍之多。相关结果拓展了气压等离子体在材料科学领域的应用，并在一定程度上弥补了微超级电容器和纳米多孔金属催化剂等电化学功能器件在制备技术上的不足。截止目前，项目取得的相关研究成果已经在《Journal of Materials Chemistry A》、《The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters》、《Science China Technological Sciences》等国际学术期刊上发表SCI收录论文5篇，申请中国发明专利3项（1项已获授权），培养博士研究生2名，硕士研究生2名。