PHEV和EV用动力蓄电池充电关键技术基础研究

Power battery is the power source of PHEV and EV, and the imperfect charging technology restricts the application and development of PHEV and EV greatly.Aiming at several technical bottlenecks for the power battery charging, this project studies the methods and strategies from the perspective of key technologies to accelerate charging speed, and to reduce negative impact on power grid by harmonics generated during the charging process.To solve the problem of insufficient instantaneous power supplied by the power supply system , a new topology is designed, which adopts Hybrid-powered mode including AC and DC;A charging method which is based on both frequency pulse and instantaneous negative pulse, is proposed to improve the charging efficiency and to extend battery life;The ip-iq method based on instantaneous reactive power theory will be improved for harmonic detection of charging devices. A hybrid architecture of filter which combines both active and passive filter components is proposed to reduce harmonics and compensate inactive power dynamically;A SOC and SOH real-time online estimation algorithms is proposed, and a echelon model for the evaluation of battery usage is established , which is expected to have high accuracy.On the basis of the above work, a prototype charging device will be designed and implemented to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.The project can provide related theory and method to break through bottleneck to the PHEV and EV battery power charging technology. And the result of the project is expected to have important theoretical significance and application prospects.

动力蓄电池是PHEV和EV的动力源，其充电技术的不完善在很大程度上制约着PHEV和EV的应用与发展。本项目针对当前动力蓄电池充电问题存在的几个技术瓶颈，从关键技术的方法层面入手，研究实现快速充电、减少充电过程产生的谐波对电网的负面影响等问题的方法与策略。拟设计新的充电装置拓扑结构，采用交直流混合供电模式解决供电系统瞬时功率不足问题；研究基于变频脉冲充电加瞬时负脉冲的方法来提高充电效率，延长蓄电池寿命；研究并采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的改进ip-iq法对充电装置谐波进行检测，设计有源滤波和无源滤波相结合的混合型滤波器用于动态抑制谐波、补偿无功；提出SOC、SOH实时在线准确估算算法，建立蓄电池梯次利用评价模型；在此基础上设计并实现一个充电装置原型系统，验证所提方法的正确与有效性。本项目研究可为解决PHEV和EV动力蓄电池充电技术瓶颈提供相应的理论与方法支持，具有重要的理论意义和良好的应用前景。

在一年的研究过程中，已经完成了充分考虑极化及温度等因素的影响的优化的蓄电池模型，并完成了模型的参数辨识；针对电动汽车锂电池工作时高度非线性情形，在建立合适的电池模型和辨识参数的基础上，提出较为准确的实时在线SOC和SOH估算方法。通过对动力电池的SOH判定指标进行理论和实验探索，提出动力蓄电池健康状况的评判策略，并依据较为准确的SOH参数和蓄电池的特征数据，制定蓄电池的梯次利用方案，依此建立不同动力蓄电池的梯次利用数据库，形成动力电池梯次利用评价体系；通过研究最优频率与蓄电池内部交流阻抗间的关系，提出高效的变频脉冲充电算法，完善蓄电池快速充电算法理论，有效的缩短了蓄电池的充电时间；分析蓄电池不一致性造成的各种原因，研究现有均衡方法的适用性，提出高效、无能量损耗的优化均衡策略，使各单体电池荷电状态在充电过程中实现主动均衡，延长蓄电池的使用寿命，完成了项目任务书的相关要求。