细粒煤脱水温敏型磁性吸水树脂制备与性能研究

The key problem about reducing water of cleaned coal is to remarkably reduce the water content of fine coal. At present, the domestic and foreign research on fine coal dewatering mainly focuses on mechanical dehydration and thermal drying dehydration technology. But because of effects of many mingled factors such as small coal granularity, coal natural characteristics, flotation reagents, the moisture of fine coal is difficult to be efficiently removed, which is a major problem involving of intensive labor, consuming time and high cost in the coal processing industry. In view of these above problems, thermosensitive magnetic absorbent polymers are prepared for dewatering of fine coal as the aim in this project. The obtained polymer is fully mixed with the fine coal with moisture and is separated from the fine coal by a conventional magnetic separation method. And then based on the temperature response of magnetic absorbent polymer, the moisture in the obtained polymer is removed in the form of non-phase change by tuning the external ambient temperature. Removing the moisture of fine coal by thermosensitive magnetic absorbent polymer is an entirely new dewatering method for fine coal. This method will be favorable for the theory development and technology application of fine coal dewatering and exhibit important theoretical significance and application value for developing new fine coal dewatering theory and technology.

降低精煤产品水分的最关键问题是大力减少细粒煤的含水量。目前，国内外对细粒煤脱水的研究主要集中于机械脱水和热力干燥脱水技术，而由于煤的细粒度、煤的天然特性、浮选药剂的夹杂等多种因素相互杂糅，致使细粒煤水分很难高效而节能地脱除，成为煤炭加工行业耗时、耗力、耗资的一大难题。针对上述问题，本课题提出制备适合细粒煤脱水的温敏型磁性吸水树脂为研究目标，将含水细粒煤与温敏型磁性吸水树脂充分混合，采用磁选方法分离细粒煤与温敏型磁性吸水树脂，然后利用磁性吸水树脂的温度响应特性，通过改变树脂所处外部环境温度，将树脂中的水分以非相变方式去除。应用温敏型磁性吸水树脂脱除细粒煤水分是一种全新的细粒煤脱水方法，是实现细粒煤脱水的理论拓展和技术应用，也对发展新的细粒煤脱水理论、建立高效煤炭脱水新技术有重要理论意义和应用价值。

本项目针对细粒煤水分高，同时很难高效而节能地脱除的问题，以温敏型磁性吸水树脂为研究对象，开展利用温敏型磁性吸水树脂脱除细粒煤水分的研究，这是一种全新的细粒煤脱水方法，实现细粒煤脱水的理论拓展和技术应用，对发展新的细粒煤脱水理论、建立高效煤炭脱水新技术有重要理论意义和应用价值。本课题主要取得以下成果：首先以制备温敏型磁性吸水树脂为核心，对制备条件、制备方式等对树脂吸水性能、释放水分温度响应性的影响进行研究。通过XRD、SEM、IR、TG等表征手段研究了温敏型磁性吸水树脂的物理、化学结构。掌握了温敏型磁性吸水树脂的合成方法及阐明其合成机理；明晰了树脂吸水、释放水的规律。针对磁性介质的流失问题，通过吸脱水后树脂的物理、化学结构的研究，改进制备方式，获得了磁性稳定的温敏型磁性吸水树脂。其次，选用所制备温敏型磁性吸水树脂与含有一定水分的细粒煤混合，详细研究了脱水过程以及温敏型磁性吸水树脂的再生重复利用。结果表明温敏型磁性吸水树脂与细粒煤在搅拌混合后，可以迅速脱除其中水分，无需长时间混合，仅需低于5 %的树脂用量就可将细粒煤在较短时间10 min内脱水干燥至含水量10 %以下。同时通过温敏型磁性吸水树脂的再生重复利用的研究，明晰了温敏型磁性吸水树脂再生机理和方法；探索树脂非相变脱水的作用机制。脱水速率快，脱水效果良好，非相变脱水再生，这些特点从而使温敏型磁性吸水树脂可以实现细粒煤的高效脱水要求。