灌区水转化机制及用水效率多因素协同提升方法

Irrigation water transformation efficiency (WTE) is related to many processes, including crop water utilization, irrigation and drainage practices, and water resources scheduling， and affected by complex physical, chemical , biological and agronomic factors. Water transformation characteristics (WTC) and WTE under changing environment are cutting edge research topics in the field of agricultural water management. This research aims to investigate the WTE and the WTC at multi-scales in context of typical southern and northern irrigation districts. Processes of water transformation and WTE from filed to regional scales will be monitored and simulated from controlled experiments. Multi-scale coupled water transformation simulation model will be built to study the effects of water management practices on WTE and to develop optimal comprehensive controlling pattern.The methodology of scaling WTC and WTE under changing environments will also be derived. Furthermore, a combined regulation model with multi-scale and multi-factor will be developed to explore the techniques for characterizing and promoting WTE, and the standard of effectively and efficiently use of agricultural water. Lastly, this research is to find the mechanism of multi-factor synergic promotion of WTE in irrigation district. The outcome will be of great importance to theoretical basis for wide application of multi-factor synergic strategies for promoting WTE, which helps to solve the problems of agricultural water management, e.g., low water use efficiency, the contradictions of drought and soil and water environmental degradation, unbalanced allocation and sustainable utilization of water resources.

灌区水转化效率涉及作物水分利用、灌排控制、水源调蓄等多个过程与物理、化学、生物、农艺等多因素的协同作用。变化环境下灌区水转化特性及其效率响应，是国际农业水利领域共同关注的前沿热点研究问题。本项目针对我国南北不同自然环境灌区生产特点，通过不同尺度水转化过程及用水效率监测、调控试验和模拟，研究大田作物与灌区不同尺度水转化机制及效应机理，不同尺度农业用水效率定量表征及提升方法，水资源高效利用综合调控模式及效应。构建灌区水转化及多尺度多过程耦合模拟模型，揭示灌区条件变化下的水转化与用水效率时空特征及其尺度转换关系，发展农业用水效率多过程统一定量表征与多因素协同提升方法，不同自然环境条件下灌区多尺度协同高效用水机制及调控模式。对发展水资源高效利用理论与方法，促进水资源均衡配置与可持续利用，建立最严格水资源管理制度，解决我国农业用水效率低与干旱缺水等问题，保障水与粮食安全，有重要理论意义与广泛应用前景

灌区水转化效率涉及作物水分利用、灌排控制、水源调蓄等多个过程与水肥气热生等多因素的协同作用以及作物、农田、灌域及灌区、流域多尺度间的转换机制。变化环境下灌区水转化特性及其效率响应，是国际农业水利领域共同关注的前沿热点研究问题。本项目针对我国南北不同类型灌区水转化效率变异性这一科学问题，以南方湿润区江汉平原漳河水库灌区、西北干旱流域清源灌区、东北寒区黑龙江和平灌区为典型研究对象，将田间与灌区不同尺度监测试验、机理分析、数值模拟与方法研究等相结合，系统开展了农田作物和大中小灌区多尺度水转化效率机制与多因素协同提升方法相关应用基础理论研究，揭示了作物水肥气热生多因素提升机理及效应，发现了灌区全过程水转化及效率时空变异规律，提出了灌区水效率多尺度转换模拟表征与提升方法，创建了灌区多过程调控与多因素协同调控理论体系。项目的相关研究成果对深入揭示灌区水转化效率规律，发展灌区多因素不确定性条件下的用水效率提升方法，指导南方灌区节水减排、西北灌区节水增效、东北灌区节水增粮及其长江大保护与黄河流域高质量发展，保障粮食安全，提高农业用水效率，具有十分重要的理论意义与广泛的应用价值。