中国细须螨科系统分类

The Tenuipalpidae, commonly known as false spider mites or flat mites, has been considered as an under-explored family of plant-feeding mites of great economic importance, as well as vectors of virus diseases. There have been very active researches on the false spider mite worldwide, with new taxa identified from time to time. However, they have been some arguments on the hierarchy and the taxonomic ranks of some higher taxa. With 6% contribution to the world’s fauna, further in-depth study is needed for China. Based on our previous work, the project will comprehensively and systematically investigate the distribution of Tenuipalpidae in China to identify and establish new taxonomic categories and determine their geographical distribution. New characters of taxonomic value will be identified based on developmental morphology and comparative morphology studies. The DNA library corresponding to the morphological samples will be built and the barcoding gene COI will be amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to validate the results obtained through conventional taxonomic method. The evolutionary relationship between taxa will be analyzed based on morphological character and molecular data, and a taxonomic system for higher categories of Tenuipalpidae will be set up. The project is expected to further our understanding on the species diversity of false spider mites in China and provide a new ground for the classification of Tenuipalpidae to increase the credibility and accuracy of morphological classification. The project also aims to enhance the study on phylogenetic development and floristic evolution mechanism of false spider mites and improve its classification system.

细须螨科是一类具有重要经济价值的植食性螨类，一些种类传播病原物，造成重要经济损失。目前细须螨科研究十分活跃，新的分类单元不断发现，分类体系和一些高级单元的分类地位尚存在争议。我国细须螨科已知种约为世界的6%，是亟待深入研究的蜱螨类群。本项目拟在前期研究和标本累积的基础上，通过系统调查细须螨科在中国的分布情况，发现和建立新的分类阶元，确定其地理分布；结合个体发育形态学和比较形态学研究，筛选具有分类价值的新特征；建立与形态标本对应的细须螨物种DNA标本库，利用PCR技术扩增条形码COI基因，印证和厘定传统分类方法的鉴定结果。通过形态特征和分子数据解析分类单元间的进化关系，提出细须螨科高级阶元的系统分类体系。研究结果将深化对中国细须螨科物种多样性的认识，丰富细须螨分类依据，增加形态分类的可信度和准确度，增进对细须螨系统发育和区系演化机制的认识，完善其分类系统。

本研究对细须螨科进行了全面系统的分类学研究，在核对保存于中国科学院动物研究所标本馆的15种模式标本的基础上，通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和CO1基因测序手段，共鉴定出细须螨科12属71种，其中1个中国新记录属双须螨属，8新种和1新记录种。细须螨标本制作前进行了DNA标本提取，扩增其DNA编码CO1基因序列，共获得10种细须螨CO1基因片段序列。CO1基因序列比对结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。.对12个属17个种进行了个体发育形态学研究，总结了躯体毛序及足上毛序在细须螨科中的一般变化规律。利用扫描电镜开展形态学超微结构研究，对卵的形态结构、背板纹饰、生殖板纹饰、足跗节毛特征等进行了形态学研究。.基于CO1基因序列，分析了细须螨科各属种的系统发育关系，经过与形态学鉴定结果比对，除了Krugeria fuzhouensis和Aegyptobia aletes，表现出较好的一致性；然而Aegyptobia 和 Dolichotetranychus的聚合结果与形态学鉴定结果相悖。研究结果丰富了我国细须螨区系资源，增加形态分类的可信度和准确度，增进对细须螨系统发育和区系演化机制的认识，完善其分类系统。