南北极地区地气相互作用过程的研究

The main purposes of the project are to study further the characteristics of Earth-Atmosphere interaction processes over the Antarctic and Arctic regions in a comprehensive manner and to provide important physical parameters of the boundary layer for climate modeling by means of the data from various observational experiments in both Arctic and Antarctic regions．The main progresses are as follows：The analysis of the data from the first Arctic scientific expedition indicates that there are obvious differences in physical processes between air－sea boundary layer and ice－air boundary layer. In.the parameterization scheme considering the Arctic Ocean atmospheric boundary layer ，besides the ice-air interaction process，the atmospheric boundary layer processes on the ice－free sea surface are very important． The analysis of the net radiation and the results of micrometeorological observation indicate that the global radiation reached the ground at Greatwall Station is only 50 ％ of that at Zhongshan Station． As for the whole year，the net radiation is greater than 0．For the atmosphere the surface is heat sources．The annual mean drag coefficient around Zhongshan Station is Cd is 1.11×lO-3, and the annual variation of monthly mean Cd is small． Around Greatwall Station，Cd in summer is 1.21×10-3，close to that of Zhongshan Station in summer（1.19×10-3）and that around Mizuho Station on the ice/snow surface（0.8-1.5×10-3）．In summer ,the turbulence exchange capability in the near surface in the fringe area of the Antarctic continent is weak，only about the same as in some areas of the Tibetan Plateau．In the Arctic Ocean，the atmosphere has mostly neutral or near-neutral stratification with Cd being about l.0×10-3，slightly less than observation from the Antarctic region. Around Zhongshan Station，the ratio of UV radiation（290－385nm）to global radiation does not vary obviously．The annual total of UV is approximately 5.6 ％ of global radiation，close to that（5.1 ％）of the Arctic Bergen region（60o24'N，5o19'E，45m），slightly greater than that（4.2 ％）of the Tibetan Nagqu region（31o29' N，92o03'E，4507m）．On the expedition course of Icebreaker "Xuelong" in 75oN～70oS，the UV－B radiation reached the surface（280～320nm）decreases with increasing latitude，and the average UV－B in the Northern Hemisphere is smaller than that in the Southern Hemisphere．The daily variation of UV－B is similar to the global radiation reached the surface．In the polar regions with great reflectivity on the ice，the maximum UV－B irradiance，close to that of the equatorial region， can be observed on the surface perpendicular to solar rays around the noontime..

充分利用我国在南北极地区进行的各种考察和观测实验资料，对这些地区地气相互作用的锢砉毯吞卣鞑问凶酆戏治鲅芯浚?进一步认识南北极地区地气相互作用特征差异对大气环流的影响。该项目是认识南北极对全球变化影响的基础性研究，在提高我国短期气候げ獾淖既仿史矫嬉灿辛己玫挠τ们熬啊