类球蛛科：全球物种的turbo-taxonomy和物种分化的时空进程

Species in the spider family Nesticidae mainly live in caves, and have limited ability in migration, which makes them an ideal subject to study species diversification and distribution pattern on. Nesticids are disjointly distibuted in America, Europe and Asia. The highest species diversity is found in East Asia and Southeast Asia, taking up about 50% of the total number of the whole family. Southwest China is rich in troglobitic nesticids, with 41 new species described and 90 more to be described in our own new collection . Our proposal aims to (1) explore the application of turbo-taxonomy in nesticids, based on which all the new species will be identified and published efficiently; (2) study the impact of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift on the distribution pattern of nesticids in East Asia; (3) study the influence of plate drift and Tethyan changes on nesticid distribution in Eurasia; (4) look into the global distribution pattern of nesticids and the shift of their diversity centre. This project will speed up the pace of traditional taxonomy, reveal the global distribution pattern of nesticids, and explain the the cause of such high species diversity in China.

类球蛛科物种多为洞穴分布，迁移能力较弱，是研究物种分化及分布格局的理想材料。类球蛛科集中分布在美洲、欧洲和亚洲这三个间断的区域内。东亚和东南亚的物种数量最多，约占整个科已知物种数的50%.中国西南地区洞穴类球蛛物种尤为丰富，申请人已描述41个新种，在已采集到的新标本中还有90个新种待发表。本申请项目拟（1）探索turbo-taxonomy方法在类球蛛科分类学中的应用，对所有新种进行快速、高效的鉴定和发表；（2）在此基础上，通过分子系统学方法研究青藏高原隆升对类球珠在东亚分布格局的影响；（3）板块漂移和古地中海变迁对类球珠在欧亚大陆分布的影响;（4）全球范围内类球珠的分布格局及多样性中心的转移。研究结果将提升物种发现与发表的速度，揭示全球类球珠的多样性分布格局，阐明中国物种多样性如此之高的原因。

本研究对全球类球蛛科蜘蛛进行了分类学和动物地理学研究。全球类球蛛现有16属280种，其中有5属57种时本研究团队陆续发表的。这些发现增加了对类球蛛科物种多样性的了解，也丰富了国家动物博物馆的标本收藏。研究证明类球蛛科北方世系和南方世系的起源与地质而非气候事件相关，并可能与哀牢山—红河流剪切带的形成相关联。本研究支持哀牢山—红河流剪切带在塑造类球蛛科早期系统发育中的关键作用，具有不连续的地理分布的不同群体的分开迫使北部和南部的支系走上不同的进化路线，间接为中新世期间随后的生态分化提供了条件。