铁矿石粉碎能耗合理分布规律研究

Iron ore resources is rich in China, accounting for 16% of the world 's total basic reserves of 310 billion tons, but poor ore is more and rich ore less. There is 97.5% of poor ore in proven ore reserves, with an average grade of only about 30%. A large number of ore need enriched through dressing, huge energy consumption. This main line of subject is the whole crushing process of iron ore, regarding the entire energy consumption as one system, that is, the blasting, crushing, grinding. From rock damage mechanics, broken, process mineralogy, study energy consumption and energy conversion of blasting, crushing and grinding. Reveal the internal laws of energy consumption in magnetite broken dissociation, and explore the distribution of energy consumption of ore crushed in the process and links. Reasonable control the crushing ratio and phase particle size of the broken stage in mining process, reasonable distribution energy consumption, so that in the system total energy consumption is minimum. Build reasonable distribution model and the distribution process, to allocate energy consumption scientific, ultimately fundamental to achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption.

我国铁矿资源丰富，约占世界总基础储量3100亿吨的16%，但贫矿多，富矿少，在现已探明的矿石储量中，97.5%为贫矿，平均品位仅为30%左右，大量矿石需要通过选矿进行富集处理，耗能巨大。 本课题以铁矿石整个粉碎过程为主线，将采场爆破和选厂的碎矿、磨矿等矿石粉碎环节作为一个能耗系统，从岩石损伤力学、破碎学和工艺矿物学的角度来研究爆破、碎矿和磨矿等矿石粉碎环节的能量利用及能量转换关系，揭示磁铁矿破碎解离能耗的内在规律，探寻矿石粉碎中各工艺过程与环节的能耗分布，合理控制采选工艺各破碎阶段的破碎比和阶段粒度，合理分配能耗，使系统总耗能最小，并构建系统能耗合理分布模型和分布程序，对采、选主体工序进行科学的能耗量化分配，最终从根本上达到降低能耗的目的。

项目以铁矿石整个粉碎过程为主线，将采场爆破、碎矿、磨矿等矿石粉碎环节作为一个能耗系统，开展了铁矿石粉碎能耗合理分布规律研究。首先，项目借助声发射、刚性伺服压力、扫描电镜及偏光镜等实验设备探明铁矿石的矿物特性和力学特性。其次，项目通过开展不同加载条件下铁矿石的破裂特征和能量转换关系试验研究，揭示了铁矿石挤压破碎过程中功能转换机理；借助霍普金森压杆（SHPB）、落锤冲击试验平台、超动态应变仪及高速摄像仪研究了铁矿石在中高应变率条件铁矿石破碎能量分布规律、能量转换关系、破碎粒度的能耗关系，分析了其宏观破碎形态与微观特征的关系，揭示了铁矿石在中高应变率条件下破碎解离过程中的功耗转换机理，构建了破碎粒度与能耗之间的计算模型；借助双摆锤破碎功指数实验机和球磨功指数测定试验机研究了铁矿石粉碎过程中能量利用、功耗转换及粒度的能耗关系，探明了铁矿石粉碎过程中能量分布规律；通过现场调研和室内试验相结合的方法研究了矿岩在爆破作用下的损伤机理和能耗分布规律，建立了块度分布与能耗的关系模型。最后，综合铁矿石粉碎过程中各环节的能量分布、能量利用及能量转换关系，构建了铁矿石整个粉碎系统能耗分布模型，提出了粉碎过程中各环节适宜的破碎比和粒度，为实际工程应用提供理论和技术支撑。