Ni基介孔固体超强酸直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究

Pt is mostly used as an anode material in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). However, the high price and the slow kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) at its surface in acid medium represent the major problems. In order to solve the problems, newly cheap, efficient and stable catalysts for the MOR is to be constructed. In allusion to the rate control step of the MOR, mesoporous solid superacids are designed as co-catalysts and carriers of the Ni based nano-materials. Hydroxyl can be rapidly produced on the surface of solid superacids and then react with adjacent absorbed CO intermediate on the Ni based catalysts. As the result, the catalysts will have high catalytic activity and high ability of antipoisoning. In order to enhance the formation rate of surface hydroxyl and the synergetic effects between Ni based compounds and solid superacids, the synthesis of high density and dispersion of Ni based catalytic active sites will be studied. At the same time, the mechanism and kinetics of MOR will also be studied. Practically highly efficient and stable anode catalysts are expected to be obtained and a new research method can be provided for DMFCs construction.

本项目为解决目前直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极Pt基催化剂价格昂贵、资源稀缺和反应动力学缓慢的问题，构建新型廉价高效稳定的甲醇氧化反应催化体系。针对甲醇氧化反应的速控步骤，设计以介孔固体超强酸作为Ni基纳米材料的共催化剂和载体，利用固体超强酸的材料特性，快速生成表面羟基淬灭相邻Ni基催化剂上的吸附CO中间产物，使催化剂具有高催化活性和高抗中毒能力。以提高催化剂表面羟基的生成速率；增强Ni基化合物与固体超强酸之间的协同催化作用为目的，系统研究和优化材料的合成条件，制备出具有高密度和高分散度催化活性位的Ni基介孔固体超强酸催化剂，并研究其催化反应的机理与动力学特征。以期获得具有实际应用价值的高效稳定甲醇氧化反应催化剂，为DMFC阳极的研究提供一条新思路。

本项目为解决目前直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂价格昂贵、资源稀缺和反应动力学缓慢的问题，构建了新型廉价高效稳定的固体超强酸甲醇氧化反应催化体系。针对甲醇氧化反应的速控步骤，以介孔固体超强酸作为Ni基纳米材料的助催化剂和载体，利用固体超强酸具有表面酸位的材料特性，快速生成表面羟基淬灭相邻Ni基催化剂上的吸附CO中间产物，使催化剂具有高催化活性和高抗中毒能力。以提高催化剂表面羟基的生成速率，增强Ni基化合物与固体超强酸之间的协同催化作用为目的，系统研究和优化了材料的合成条件，制备出新型的具有酸性可调、孔径可调的大比表面积Ni基介孔固体超强酸催化剂，并研究了其催化反应的协同催化作用机制。获得了高效稳定甲醇氧化反应催化剂，为固体超强酸材料的合成提供了新的技术路线，为直接甲醇燃料电池阳极的研究提供一条新思路。