边角煤短壁连采关键层区段顺序失稳控制机理研究

Short-wall mining with continuous shearer is an effective way for boundary coal. The traditional way to support roof by setting large numbers of coal pillars which threatens the safety of workers and equipments because of large area overhanging roof in gob. The whole caving short-wall mining with continuous shearer presented by the project，which treats the section as mining unit and without coal pillars in section, obtain the fine result of the immediate roof caving while mining and positive control of the section key stratum sequenced instability. Adopting the methods of field parameters measurement,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and experimental study to research the coupling relationship between overlying strata structure evolution and coal pillars stability comprehensively and deeply, furthermore, to reveal the control mechanism of the section key stratum sequenced instability. The study includes: thick plates key stratum fracture mechanism, laws and its parameters based on the rheological foundation, the dynamic development laws between the evolvement of overlying strata structure and the load of coal pillar, the damage rheological coal pillars model and time–space limit value keeping stability and Section coal pillar damage rheological model and its stability study of spatiotemporal nodes. Finally, the overlying strata structure- coal pillars system coordinated movement comes true by applying catastrophe theory to change the coal pillar parameters efficiently. Achievements from this research establish a theoretical basis for the controllability of moving order at key stratum which guides effectively for the positive-safe roof controlling by the mining method mentioned above.

短壁连采是高效回采边角煤的有效途径，传统短壁连采法在采场留设大量煤柱支撑顶板，造成采空区顶板大面积悬空，威胁到作业人员及设备的安全。本项目提出的边角煤顶板全垮落短壁连采以区段为回采单元，单元内取消各种煤柱，实现了直接顶区段内随采随冒、关键层区段间顺序失稳的安全控顶。采用多参数现场实测、理论分析、数值模拟、实验研究等方法，深入系统研究覆岩结构演化与区段煤柱稳定性之间的动态关系，揭示大面积悬空顶板区段顺序失稳控制机理。主要研究内容有：短壁连采关键层厚板破断机制、规律及参数研究，覆岩结构-煤柱系统动态变化规律研究，区段煤柱损伤流变模型及其稳定性时空节点研究。运用突变理论得到煤柱子系统参数调节的最佳途径，实现覆岩结构-煤柱系统的协调同步运动及关键层区段顺序可控失稳。研究成果为关键层运动顺序的可控性提供理论基础，指导顶板全垮落法短壁连采的本质安全型控顶。

本项目按照计划任务书的具体要求，综合采用理论分析、相似模拟试验、数值模拟和现场实测等方法，系统深入研究边角煤短壁采场关键层破断机理、覆岩破断运移规律、隔离煤柱破坏机制等，提出了基于关键层区段顺序失稳控制的顶板全垮落法边角煤短壁连采技术。取得的主要创新性研究成果如下：（1）建立规整和异形边角煤短壁采场的弹性薄板力学模型，明确关键层破断力学机制及运动形式，求解关键层破断运动参数，分析不同覆岩结构下关键层的极限开采参数；（2）基于短壁采场关键层-隔离煤柱相互作用出发，求解不同关键层跨距下的隔离煤柱稳定临界尺寸；提出了基于关键层区段顺序失稳控制的顶板全垮落法边角煤短壁连采技术，建立区段尺寸和隔离煤柱宽度设计原则；（3）构建不同覆岩结构下顶板全垮落法边角煤短壁连采技术的模拟试验及数值计算模型，明确覆岩破断运移规律，关键层空间结构演变特征，采场应力分布演化规律；（4）基于覆岩控制的差异性原则，提出了针对顶板全垮落法边角煤短壁连采技术直接顶冒落、基本顶垮塌，以及关键层大面积运动冲击的顶板控制技术。.发表相关学术论文17篇，其中SCI收录1篇，EI收录7篇，中文核心论文9篇；授权发明专利7项；出版学术专著1部；参加国内外学术会议6次；培养研究生4名，其中博士研究生2名（含在读1名），硕士研究生2名。