多波段宽视角超高分辨ISAR成像及图像解译研究

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is an important technique to privide the fine feature of a target. To support the development of multi-band super-high resolution ISAR systems, this project mainly focus on the modeling of scattering centers for wideband wide-angle observations, non-cooperative motion estimation, multi-band coherent processing and non-coherent processing, and the interpretation of ISAR imaging results. Firstly, the modeling of scattering centers will be investigated both in the phase history domain and the complex image domain based on the electromagnetic theory. Secondly, the non-cooperative motion of a target should be estimated by developing joint time-frequency analysis technique, joint space-time analysis technique, ISAR image sequence analysis technique, and so on. Thirdly, received multi-band echoes will be coherently and non-coherently exploited to provide better ISAR images, based on super-resolution theory, compressed sensing theory, and multi-scale analysis theory. The interpretation of ISAR imaging results will be researched with the estimated target motion, shape, size and scattering characteristics comprehensively. The research results of this project are expected to solve some of the key questions in the development of multi-band super-high resolution ISAR systems and the relatved applications.

逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）是获取目标精细信息的重要传感器。围绕多波段超宽带ISAR系统研制及应用的特殊性，本项目拟解决目标宽带宽视角跨频段散射建模、非合作运动估计、多波段融合成像以及成像结果解译等问题。基于高频电磁散射等理论，构建相位记录域及复图像域散射中心宽带宽视角模型；发展ISAR图像序列分析、联合时频分析和联合空时分析等理论解决目标运动估计问题；基于超分辨理论、压缩感知理论以及多尺度分析理论等解决多波段回波相干融合和非相干融合成像问题；通过运动特征、散射特征以及形状尺寸等特征提取，实现图像解译问题。本课题可望有效解决我国多波段超宽带ISAR研制和应用中的若干瓶颈问题，促进ISAR理论发展并推进其应用水平。

结合当前成像雷达系统向超宽带高分辨多波段发展的趋势和多视角观测的应用特点，本课题围绕多频段宽视角逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像及图像解译问题开展研究，按照申请主要研究了低信噪比条件下小目标平动补偿技术、基于宽带回波数据的目标转角估计和高分辨ISAR聚焦成像技术、基于宽视角窄带观测的目标转动估计和高分辨二维聚焦成像技术、游离部件调制回波分离及特征分析技术、散射特征建模及提取技术、双波段合成成像技术等内容。项目突破了雷达宽窄带观测下高分辨成像及目标转动估计技术，建立了统一的成像投影线性映射模型，实现了形状、尺寸及散射特性等目标精细化识别特征的提取；研究了对多普勒不敏感的双曲线调频波形及其接收处理技术，正对高速运动目标可有效提升成像效果；突破了游离部件回波分离与分析技术、多普勒偏置效应分析与补偿技术、双波段非相参融合成像技术等关键技术，针对外场实测数据取得了良好的处理效果，相关研究成果在装备上获得了应用，提升了装备的设计和应用水平。项目还建设了虚拟雷达回波并行生成平台，为相关项目的研究奠定了坚实基础。