基于旋磁非线性传输线的小型宽带强电磁脉冲源技术研究

Short effective range and large volume are two bottlenecks restricting the application of high power microwave weapons. Missile-borne delivery mode can greatly improve the effective range of high-power microwave weapons. In particular, the use of electromagnetic launch platforms can greatly increase the target power density. However, the electromagnetic launch platforms require the electromagnetic pulse sources with miniaturization and resistance of overload. Compared with the traditional narrow-band high power microwave source based on the vacuum electron tubes, the wide-band high power microwave source based on the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines does not need the electron beam, the confining magnetic field and the vacuum system. It is a simple, compact and solid-state scheme, and has the advantages of adjustable frequency and repetitive operation. It can not only improve the energy utilization rate, but also break through the limitation of single operation of electromagnetic pulse projectile. In this project, a wide-band high power microwave source based on the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line is proposed, and a set of methods for designing the gyromagnetic non-linear transmission line and researching the characteristics of multi-physical fields based on electromagnetic fields of the compact wide-band high power microwave source are established, which provides a novel idea for the electromagnetic pulse projectile.

有效作用距离短和体积大是制约高功率微波武器应用的两个瓶颈问题。弹载投送方式可以有效提升高功率微波武器有效作用距离。尤其是采用电磁发射平台，能使微波到靶功率密度能得到极大提升。同时，电磁发射环境对强电磁脉冲源的小型化和抗过载能力提出较高要求。与基于电真空器件的传统窄带高功率微波源相比，基于旋磁非线性传输线的宽带强电磁脉冲源无需驱动电子束、导引磁场和真空条件，具有能量效率高、工作频率可调以及可重频运行等优势，能够突破传统电磁脉冲弹单次运行的限制，是一种结构简单、适合小型化和固态化的技术方案。本项目提出基于旋磁非线性传输线的小型宽带强电磁脉冲源，建立一套可应用于小型宽带强电磁脉冲源的旋磁非线性传输线设计及以电磁场为主的多物理场特性研究的方法，为电磁脉冲弹的发展提供新的思路。

与基于电真空器件的传统窄带高功率微波源相比，基于旋磁非线性传输线的宽带强电磁脉冲源无需驱动电子束、导引磁场和真空条件，具有能量效率高、工作频率可调以及可重频运行等优势，能够突破传统电磁脉冲弹单次运行的限制，是一种结构简单、适合小型化和固态化的技术方案。本项目提出基于旋磁非线性传输线（Gyromagnetic Nonlinear Transmission Lines, GNLTL）的小型宽带强电磁脉冲源，通过GNLTL的物理机制分析、结构设计、建模仿真和实验调试等方面研究，初步阐明并验证了GNLTL的工作机理，研究了驱动电压、偏置磁场、材料选择及传输线结构等因素对输出特性的影响，为旋磁宽带强电磁脉冲的产生、提取和辐射等关键技术提供了解决方案，建立了一套小尺寸高峰值功率输出的旋磁非线性传输线设计研究方法，并通过有限元仿真分析评估其对典型高过载冲击环境的适应性，最后研制了一台基于GNLTL的宽带强电磁脉冲源，传输线外直径约60 mm，输出微波峰值功率150 MW，中心频率2.37 GHz，百分比带宽22%的典型输出。该研究成果为小型宽带强电磁脉冲源走向工程应用奠定了较好的基础。