相空间内压缩态光子统计非经典特性的研究

Squeezed state light is a non-classical optical field which has extensive potential applications such as detection of o gravitational-wave, biosensing technique and so on. The distribution of photons in squeezed state light is a key parameter of statistical characteristics of the optical field as well as its interaction with materials. In this project, we will theoretically analyze the photon-number statistical non-classical properties of the squeezed state by utilizing the theory of quantum interference in phase space, which is a method of semi-classical approximation; We will experimental investigate the photon-number oscillating distribution of squeezed states, which is a typical quantum phenomenon depending on the amplitude of the injection field, the phase between the injection field and the pump light, and squeezing parameter; We will generate squeezed state with two different methods, and compare the sensitivities of non-classical properties to the parameters mentioned above, so as to optimize the squeezed-state generated system; we will also prepare frequency-dependent squeezed states with additional tunable filter cavity, and study the photon-number statistical properties of the frequency-dependent squeezed states (i.e. the squeezed state with different principle-axis direction in phase space). .This work will deepen understanding on the mechanism of the non-classical statistical characteristics of squeezed state light, improve the efficiency in generation of squeezed state light, and promote the implement of the theory of quantum interference in phase space in application of quantum optics.

压缩态光场在现代物理技术如引力波探测、生物传感器等领域中有着重要的应用，其光子统计分布会影响光场的统计特性及光场与物质的相互作用。在本项目中，我们将基于相空间量子干涉这一半经典近似的方法，对压缩态光子数的非经典统计特性进行理论分析，并实验研究注入场振幅、压缩因子以及注入场与泵浦光之间的相位关系等参数对压缩态光子数分布特征的影响规律；采用两种不同的方式产生压缩态，比较上述参数在不同条件下对压缩态非经典性质的影响及其灵敏度，以优化压缩态光场的产生系统；利用可谐滤波腔来制备频率相关压缩态，并基于相空间理论对频率相关压缩态(即相空间内不同主轴方向压缩态)的非经典光子数统计特性进行理论和实验研究。.本项目的研究可以加深对压缩态非经典特性的机理和过程的理解，提高压缩态的质量，并推动相空间量子干涉方法在量子光学中的应用。

相空间量子干涉技术是基于半经典极限近似建立的一种量子分析的几何算法，在量子态的非经典态性质分析中有着重要的应用。本项目建立了压缩态光子数振荡分布的相空间量子干涉理论模型，并分析了压缩态的非经典特征及其影响因素；分析了制备高质量压缩态的实验方案，设计并搭建了压缩态产生的实验系统及压缩态产生的双光子分布特性的测量系统；推广了双光子干涉概念，分析了多光子态相干过程，并利用相空间量子干涉技术对光子数增加薛定谔猫态的特性进行了理论计算和分析，发现了薛定谔猫态受到外界干扰时量子性减弱的过程和物理机制；最后，通过进一步推广相位控制技术，提出基于液晶双折射特性的光束偏转器件，分析并设计了调谐电压控制相位实现激光大角度偏转的偏光器件，将该项目延伸到更加实用化的方向。