刺参繁殖期行为和生理协同适应机制

The sea cucumber，Apostichopus japonicus is an important aquaculture animal in China. Industrial artificial breeding is the main source of sea cucumber seeds. Broodstock conditioning is the precondition of artificial breeding. The dynamics of behavior and physiology during breeding stages is the basis of broodstock conditioning and wild resource protection of sea cucumber. However, reproductive physiology and ecology theory research is relatively weak. Based on the previous studies, this project focuses on dynamics of behavior and physiology, and the interaction mechanism and coordination pattern of behavior and physiology during breeding stages of sea cucumber. It involves the integrated application of the techniques of sea cucumber behavior collection and quantitative analysis, and physiology dynamic analysis of sea cucumber during breeding stages. Under controlled and wild environments, the behaviors, i.e., movement and feeding, under different stages of breeding in sea cucumber are studied, and key behavioral variation process is found out. The metabolic changes of sea cucumber under different stages of breeding are studied, and the metabolic adaption mechanism is ascertained. Moreover, the immune characteristics of sea cucumber under different stages of breeding are studied, and the immune regulation pathway is verified. Finally, the interaction of behavior and physiology of sea cucumber during breeding stages is analyzed, and the coordinative adaption mechanism will be expounded. New cognition will be acquired, and the project will provide theoretical support for the technologies of the broodstock conditioning and resource sustainable utilization of sea cucumber.

刺参是我国重要的海水养殖动物，工厂化人工苗种培育是刺参商品苗种的主要来源，而亲参培育是工厂化苗种培育的前提，亲参培育和刺参野外资源保护均需要以繁殖期行为和生理特征及其变动规律为基础，但繁殖行为和生理生态学基础研究相对薄弱。在前期研究基础上，本项目聚焦刺参繁殖期行为与生理动态变化特征、刺参繁殖期行为和生理互作机制与协同模式两个关键科学问题，综合应用刺参行为采集与定量分析、刺参繁殖期生理变化特征分析等关键技术，在受控环境和野外自然环境条件下，研究刺参在不同繁殖阶段的运动和摄食等行为特征，查明繁殖期关键行为的动态变化过程；研究刺参在不同繁殖阶段的代谢变化，探明繁殖期的代谢调控途径；研究刺参在不同繁殖阶段的免疫生理特征，探讨繁殖期免疫作用机理；分析刺参在繁殖期行为和生理的互作关系，系统阐明其协同适应机制，实现刺参繁殖行为学新认知，为亲参培育技术完善和刺参资源持续利用提供理论参数支撑。

刺参作为我国重要海洋经济物种，亲参培育和种质资源保护均依赖于刺参繁殖期行为和生理特征及其变动规律的系统研究。本项目重点关注刺参繁殖期行为和生理动态变化特征与互作关系，以期阐明繁殖期行为与生理的协同适应机制。在刺参繁殖期关键行为特征及其动态变化方面，采缩时摄影技术、视频分析软件，研究了刺参繁殖期摄食、运动以及呼吸行为的变化，结果表明繁殖期各阶段刺参摄食水平和运动活力随性腺发育呈现逐渐下降趋势，繁殖期的氧气消耗率与呼吸频率皆显著高于非繁殖期。在刺参繁殖期生理代谢特征及其调控途径方面，研究了性腺发育与刺参饱食代谢率、有氧代谢的协同关系，结果表明繁殖期各阶段的饱食代谢率皆高于非繁殖阶段，而刺参体腔液内的皮质醇水平差异不显著，呼吸树组织内总ATP含量在繁殖期出现显著下降、Na+/K+-ATP代谢酶活力水平在繁殖期出现显著上升，在性腺成熟期和未成熟期的性别差异表达基因均在氨基酸代谢、甾体激素生物合成和细胞色素P450代谢等代谢通路中富集。在刺参繁殖期重要免疫特征及其作用机理方面，研究了刺参繁殖期体组织氧化应激的特征，检测了刺参体内多种免疫酶的活性变化，结果表明繁殖成熟期体腔液溶菌酶含量显著增多，性腺和呼吸树中超氧化物歧化酶在排卵后含量升高、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量在繁殖前期含量最高，8-OHDG含量随着性腺发育先升高后降低。在刺参繁殖期行为和生理互作关系与协同适应机制方面，研究了刺参肠道酶活力、肠道微生物、以及组织转录组、代谢物分析，结果表明性腺成熟期消化酶活力下降，繁殖期肠道微生物具有性别差异，繁殖期运动行为变化主要由氧化应激与脂质代谢所调控，呼吸功能的可塑性主要为氧化应激，溶血卵磷脂为机体氧化应激状态的关键生化标志物。本研究实现刺参繁殖行为学新认知，为亲参培育与野外刺参资源保护提供理论依据与技术参数支撑。