原位组装碳纳米管/石墨烯有序结构及其二元协同增强增韧纳米复合材料的机理研究

Lightweight composites integration of high strength and high toughness are important materials for the aerospace field to solve the weight loss problem, especially for the new type of carbon nanotube composites. It is a new idea to apply the one-dimensional carbon nanotubes with high tensile strength and two-dimensional graphene to synergistically strengthen and toughen polymer. However, it is difficult for the simple blending approach to obtain the well ordered assembly structure of one-dimensional carbon nanotube, two-dimensional graphene, and polymer, and the basic scientific issues such as the synergistic enhanced toughening are not clear. In this proposal, inspired by the hierarchical micro-/nano layered structure of nacre, we applied in-situ assembly method to directly construct the well ordered structures of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene in the synthesizing process through tuning the thermodynamic parameters and biomimetic building the carbon nanotube/graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) layered composites. The interface strength between carbon nanotube/graphene layered film was enhanced by design and control of functional groups of layered film. The binary synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanism will be clarified by establishment of mechanical model, which will provide the theoretical support for preparation of high strength and high toughness integration of composites.

高强高韧一体化的轻质复合材料是航空航天领域解决减重问题的重要材料，尤其是新型的碳纳米管复合材料。采用高强度的一维碳纳米管、高韧性的二维石墨烯协同增强增韧聚合物是制备高强高韧一体化轻质复合材料的一种新思路。但是目前制备碳纳米管/石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的方法是将三者简单的共混，不能控制材料的微结构；同时一维碳纳米管、二维石墨烯的协同增强增韧机理等基础科学问题尚不清楚。本申请项目受贝壳微纳米多级层状结构的启发，在合成过程中，调控热力学参数，原位组装一维碳纳米管/二维石墨烯有序规整层状复合薄膜，仿生构筑碳纳米管/石墨烯/聚乙烯醇层状复合材料；并对复合层状薄膜表面的官能团进行设计和调控，提高复合薄膜与聚乙烯醇的浸润性和界面强度，建立力学模型，阐明一维碳纳米管和二维石墨烯的二元协同增强增韧机理，为高强高韧一体化纳米复合材料的共性制备提供指导和理论依据。

强韧一体化的轻质复合材料是航空航天领域解决减重问题的重要材料，尤其是新型的碳纳米复合材料。受贝壳微纳米多级层状结构的启发，本项目以碳纳米管、石墨烯等为基元材料，通过原位或离位组装技术，构筑了基元材料协同及界面协同效应，制备了一系列强韧一体化的仿生纳米复合材料。通过引入不同功能特性的纳米基元材料，获得了具有兼具电学等功能特性的仿生纳米复合材料。项目执行期间，以第一作者或通讯作者发表SCI论文25篇，其中上影响因子大于10的论文15篇，包括3篇Angew Chem Int Ed，2篇Adv Mater.，6篇ACS Nano，1篇Acc Chem Res.，1篇Chem Soc Rev.，申请中国发明专利4项，其中授权1项，超额完成了预期目标。