半转翼简约化设计方法及其类昆虫飞行机理研究

Flapping-wing flight mode is more efficient than fixed-wing, so many researcheres around the world developed various biomimetic mechanism to carry out flapping-wing motion. However, existing bionic mechanism of flapping-wing usually imitate swing action of animal wing with only up and down direction, in which there are some inherent shortcomes to make against large-sized and practical application of the flapping-wing aircraft. A new bionic wing called Half-Rotating Wing (HRW) would be presented in this project. HRW is different from flapping-wing in operating mode, but it could generate flight effect similar as flapping-wing of insect. Therefore, flying vehicle using HRW could maybe get a new flight mode. Based on analyzing the structure characteristics of basic Half-Rotating Mechanism (HRM),compact design principle of HRW with more simple structure would be researched in this project to meet the demandes of bionic flight. Some mechanical design theories and appraoches of HRW woule be further constructed.According to four typical high-lift mechanisms implied in insect flight, including stall delay, capturing wake vortex, rotary flow and Weis-Fogh effect, the generating mechanism of lift force of HRW would be explored by both theoretical and experimental study in order to investigate possible approaches to increase lift force during flying.The aerodynamic characteristics of HRW plates with different geometrical,physical and motion parameters would also be discovered by apposite experimental schemes. Not only a new way of flight would be put forward in this project research, but some realization in insect-imitating flight could be achieved, by which the mechanism of machinery and aerodynamics research field could be enriched and expanded in theory. On the basis of these results mentioned above, The basic design theory would provied to develop large-sized flapping-wing flying vehicle using HRW.

扑翼飞行比固定翼飞行更高效、灵活，因此对扑翼飞行的仿生是人类仿生飞行的更高目标。现有的仿扑翼飞行一般都是模仿动物的上下摆翼运动，这种仿生运动方式有一些固有的缺陷，妨碍了扑翼飞行器的大型化、实用化。本项目基于半转机构研究一种仿生翼- - 半转翼，其运动形式与扑翼完全不同，但具有类似昆虫扑翼的飞行效果，是一种新的飞行模式。项目拟在半转机构基本构型研究基础上，探索适应飞行要求的半转翼简约化构成原理，建立半转翼的基础设计理论与方法。对照昆虫飞行高升力机制的四种典型效应，通过理论与实验研究，阐明半转翼升力形成机理，探寻提高半转翼飞行升力的途径。同时通过实验研究揭示翼片几何物理属性及运动特性对半转翼气动力的影响规律。本项目不仅提出一种新的飞行方式以取得类昆虫飞行的实现，而且可以丰富机构学、空气动力学的研究内容，为扑翼仿生飞行器向大尺寸方向发展提供设计理论基础。

扑翼飞行比固定翼飞行更高效、灵活，因此对扑翼飞行的仿生是人类仿生飞行的更高目标。现有仿扑翼飞行一般都是模仿动物的上下摆翼运动，这种仿生运动方式有一些固有的缺陷，妨碍了扑翼飞行器的大型化和实用化。本项目基于半转机构研究一种仿生翼——半转翼，其运动形式与扑翼不同，采用转动式拍动代替摆动式拍动，具有类似昆虫扑翼的飞行效果，是一种新的飞行模式。项目研究在提出基于局部约束的同侧式和对侧式半转机构的基础上，通过简约化设计演绎，寻找到基于单向转动的驱动机构，探索出适应飞行要求的半转翼简约化构成原理，建立了半转翼的基础设计理论与方法。通过分析半转翼升力变化规律及流场分布特点发现，昆虫高升力机制的四种典型效应在半转翼悬停与前进飞行状态下不同程度地对其升力形成产生积极作用，进一步阐明了半转翼升力形成机理，探寻了提高半转翼飞行升力的途径。在分析半转翼运动模型和翼面气流特点的基础上，建立了悬停和前进两种飞行状态下的半转翼升力计算模型；根据半转翼的运动特性，推导出适合半转翼运动的升力估算解析表达式，为半转翼飞行器的参数设计与升力预估提供了理论指导。通过悬停和前进飞行实验研究，揭示了翼片几何物理属性及运动特性对半转翼气动力的影响规律。本项目不仅提出了一种新的飞行方式以取得类昆虫飞行的实现，而且丰富了机构学和空气动力学的研究内容，为扑翼仿生飞行器向大尺寸方向发展提供了设计理论基础。