我国住宅建筑日照标准、居住区环境改善、土地集约利用和城市生态效益四者关系研究

Sunlight standard, which is to guarantee a healthy life of resident has been performed nearly 30 years, and it plays a great role in guiding construction of residential area in our country. But with the rapid development of economy and the increase of urbanization rate, the deterioration of the environment of city, the extensive use of urban land, and the low ecological efficiency became big problems. A large number of negative space that aggravated the contradiction between the residents' living environment and land-use saving were produced during the construction of residential area under the guidance of current sunlight standard, it also caused the problems of “NOT intensive” and low ecological efficiency of urban construction land, and so on. In addition, buildings of different sunshine conditions within one residential area are sold in the same price, the unreasonable phenomenon is widespread in cities in our country, which is to blamed for housing price rise to a certain extent.. By comparing the similarities and differences between domestic and foreign standards of sunlight, the study analyses the possibility of residential environment improvement under different standard, discusses the relationship between sunlight standard, residential area environment, intensive use of land, and urban ecological benefit. .In the premise of the same urban construction intensity, the study tends to determine the Solar Duration and Insolation Standard Day and propose an amendment of the present sunlight standard according to the sunlight standard partition based on latitude on the technical level, so as to reduce "negative space" while increasing "positive space" in residential area, and to achieve the goals of improving residential environment, intensive land use, improvement of ecological environment of the city, and perfecting the current sunlight analysis software.

日照标准作为住宅健康发展的尺度，已执行近三十年，对我国居住区建设起到一定的指导作用。但随着经济的迅猛发展和城镇化率的提高，城市环境恶化，土地粗放利用、生态效率低下问题凸显。现行日照标准下建设的居住区存在大量消极空间，加剧居民生活环境与土地节约利用的矛盾，也造成了城市建设用地不集约、生态效率低下等问题。此外，在我国城市中存在同一居住区内不同日照条件的住宅采取同一价格的不合理现象，在一定程度上造成城市高房价问题。.本研究通过对比国内外日照标准的异同，分析不同日照标准下居住区环境改善的可能性，探讨日照标准、居住区环境、土地集约利用、城市生态效益四者关系。.在技术层面研究：在城市建设强度不变的前提下，我国日照标准分区的理论与方法；确定日照标准日和日照时数，修正现行日照标准；减少居住区“消极空间”，增加“积极空间”的方法；改善居住环境，土地集约利用，提升城市生态环境的日照途径；完善现行日照分析软件。

本课题主要研究我国现行日照标准与居住区环境改善、土地集约利用和提升城市生态效益四者关系。结合对国内外有关文献和其他学科相关研究，对国外以及国内几大典型城市日照标准进行对比分析，并且通过对我国不同城市的实地调研，分析研究不同日照标准对城市居住区环境、土地利用和城市生态效益的影响，分析其问题及原因。在此基础上，划定我国的日照标准分区，分析选择雨水日、大寒日、冬至日、春秋分日作为我国日照标准日的差异性和可行性，并科学合理的标准日的日照时长，提出适合我国不同地区的、切实可行的日照标准进行修正建议，以实现改善居住区环境、土地集约利用和提升城市生态效益的目标。.本课题提出的“依光混居”策略，主张从住宅类型、户外环境建设、建筑布局形式等方便充分考虑光照对住区的影响问题，由受光时长建立起完善的混合居住机制，使不同收入群体均可享受到平等的户外环境及城市基础设施。同时以雨水日作为日照标准生成的混合住区模式，在空间层面上促进了居住空间的均衡发展，提高了城市土地的使用效率，创造了积极的交往空间。在社会层面上，促进了不同阶层的融合与交流，推动了社会和谐发展。.本课题从日照标准角度思考解决当前我国城市环境问题突出、雾霾严重、土地资源紧缺、部分城市房价不合理的现实问题。创新性地研究不同日照标准下的住宅价格，适应市场规律，从技术角度解决中国大城市住宅价格居高不下的问题，实现城市居住区不同收入者混居，营造良好的社会环境。为居民生活环境与土地资源稀缺的社会矛盾提供解决途径，在保证现有城市社区的容积率和建筑密度的条件下，探索减少社区消极空间的可能性，增加积极空间，改善城市环境。