基于形态和分子证据的中国器管蓟马族分类研究

Tribe Hoplothripini insect of Thysanoptera is not only kind of important agricultural and forestry pests, but also a kind of important pollination insect and natural enemy resources. While the main problems of the classical taxonomy of this tribe are: characteristics of subtribes and genera taxon are unclear, the lack of obvious characteristics of intermittent chaos; classification species by holotype, genus with one or two species, caused by excessive chaos; within and between populations of individual morphological variation: dimorphism, many cryptic species, and absence of larval features. This study is based on the present study, the morphological characteristics, molecular evidence, ultrastructural study methods, in-depth study of Chinese Hoplothripini, aims to provide accurate identification of closely related genera and effective identification features closely related species, solve ambiguous species, dimorphism, and cryptic species identification, genus with one species or two species and single species belonging, larvae and adults of combining the characteristics of accurate identification of problems. And provide accurate for prevention and treatment of this kind of thrips species identification and biological characteristics of information, while increasing the groups’ research level of our country.

缨翅目器管蓟马族昆虫是一类重要的农林业害虫，也是一类重要的传粉、天敌资源昆虫。但目前该族的亚族与属级分类单元的特征不清，缺乏明显的特征间断；由单种属过多而导致的分类混乱；种群内和种群间个体形态变异较大，雌雄二型现象明显，导致了隐存种较多，幼虫特征的缺乏研究，这些问题对该族的分类及系统发育研究造成阻碍，亟需解决。本研究拟在现有研究的基础上，采用综合形态学、分子标记、超微结构研究方法，对中国器管蓟马族进行深入研究，目的在于提出准确鉴定近缘属和近缘种的有效鉴别特征，解决疑难种和雌雄二型现象、隐存种的鉴定问题、独模属种的归属、幼虫和成虫特征相结合准确鉴定的问题。并为防治该类蓟马提供准确的种类鉴定和生物学特性资料，同时提升我国该类群研究层次。

本研究通过对中国器管蓟马族现有的分类单元进行订正和新单元的描述；整理了中国器管蓟马族14属65种，其中包括1新属，18新种，1新记录属，6新记录种；已发表1新记录种。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对器管蓟马族10属20种昆虫进行了系统的外部形态及内部超微结构的研究，结果表明：器管蓟马族昆虫口器上共有6种感器；触角分布有8种感器。通过线粒体基因COI、16SrDNA和ND1基因片段对中国器管蓟马族10属20种昆虫的分子系统发育进行探讨，为后续分子系统发育的研究提供基础。分析了中国器管蓟马族的地理分布。利用Paup4.0 系统发育软件，结合Treeview（Win32），研究了中国器管蓟马族12亚族的系统发育关系，构建了器管蓟马族12亚族系统发育支序图谱，建立了该族的分类系统，并探讨了各亚族之间的进化关系。