矿井突水灾害光纤光栅声发射传感理论及综合预警方法

MMine water inrush disaster occurs frequently, which causes great economic losses and casualties.therefor, safe real-time monitoring theory and comprehensive early-warning of mine water inrush hazards has become a key scientific problem to be urgently solved that intrinsic and . In response to the above problems, fiber Bragg grating acoustic emission system is regarded as the realization means of mine water inrush monitoring. Firstly, FBG sensing theory of weak and middel high frequency will be studied, and the problem that FBG sensor has short life will be broken through. Monitoring method of mine water inrush which has wide frenquency, high-precision, long life and unusual safety will be established. And then three-axis fiber Bragg grating acoustic emission sensors and many chnnells fiber Bragg grating demodulator will be developed, in order to construct fiber Bragg grating acoustic emission monitoring system for mine water inrush. Arrengement method of fiber Bragg grating acoustic emission sensor array and wave speed automatic revise model based on time difference location algorithm is regarded as principal reserch, and then accurate location and four-dimentional imagery of acoustic emission source will be realize. Through carrying out numerical simulation and physical model test, responding law and forewarning feature of acoustic emission signal and its characteristic parameters in different process of mine water inrush will be lucubrated. Combing filed test, the research results will be continually improved. Lastly, acoustic emission real-time monitoring and compositive early-warning method and system for mine water inrush disaster will be formed.

矿井突水灾害频繁发生，造成了重大的经济损失与人员伤亡。因此，研究有效的矿井突水灾害实时监测理论与综合预警方法，已成为亟待解决的科技难题。针对上述问题，本项目提出采用光纤光栅声发射系统作为矿井突水灾害监测的实现方法。首先，研究光纤光栅微弱中高频信号传感理论，突破光纤光栅传感器寿命短的难题，建立宽频、高精度、长寿命、本征安全的矿井突水灾害监测方法，开发三分量光纤光栅声发射传感器与多通道光纤光栅声发射解调仪，构建矿井突水灾害光纤光栅声发射监测系统。重点研究基于时差定位算法的光纤光栅声发射传感器阵列布置方式与波速自动修正模型，实现声发射源的精确定位与四维成像。通过开展矿井突水数值模拟与物理模型试验，深入研究突水灾变过程不同阶段声发射信号及其特征参数的响应规律与前兆特征，结合现场试验，对研究成果不断改进提升，形成矿井突水灾害光纤光栅声发射实时监测与综合预警方法与系统。

频发的矿井突水灾害造成了严重的人员伤亡、极大经济损失与恶劣的社会影响，亟待突破突水灾害监测及预警理论与方法难题，本项目研究了矿井突水灾害实时监测理论与综合预警方法，并取得了重要进展。研究了微弱高频信号的光纤光栅传感机理，明确了光纤光栅对不同频段弹性波的响应特性，建立了光纤光栅应力增敏传感机制与中高频光纤传感器标准化封装工艺流程，形成了一种新的光纤光栅高频微弱振动信号高精度传感方法。通过光纤光栅横向交叉敏感抑制理论及多通道高速解调技术研究，开发了适用于矿井突水灾害监测的三分量光纤光栅声发射传感器与多通道数据采集与处理系统。研究了声发射传感器阵列的优化布置方法与策略，形成基于时差定位算法的自适应高精度智能定位算法，实现了声发射事件四维成像。开展了实验室模拟试验及现场试验，研究了复杂环境下岩石破裂信号及其破坏类型自动识别方法，形成了突水灾害演变过程的综合辨识与自动预警方法与软硬件系统。