淀粉-纳米蒙脱土改性异氰酸酯复合胶粘剂的制备及其复合胶接机理研究

With people's environmental concept strengthen and international standards promised, adhesives in future should be of low cost, environmental safety and high performance. In this paper, research on the preparation of a type of environmentally safe adhesive was carried out with starch as main component and reactive isocyanate as crosslinker. In order to improve the performance of this adhesive, the isocyanate was modified by introducing nano-montmorillonite to prepare controllable intercalation isocyanate. Moreover, the effects of modified isocyanate on starch-based adhesive were studied by means of XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM as well as TGA. The stabilizing actions on the adhesive and chemical reactions among the system were also explained afterwards which might help with the development of novel high value-added starch-based adhesive. The results of this paper may provide some ideas for using biomaterials as adhesives with environment safety and high quality.

随着人们环保意识的增强以及国家强制标准的执行，未来胶粘剂的发展主流是呈低成本、绿色环保、高性能、高品质的发展趋势。 本研究以来源丰富、价格低廉的淀粉为原料，以高反应活性的异氰酸酯为复合交联剂，制备无毒、无异味、无公害的高性能复合胶粘剂为目标。 研究纳米蒙脱土改性异氰酸酯，揭示纳米蒙脱土与异氰酸酯插层条件，制备可控插层型异氰酸酯，并对其在淀粉胶粘剂的稳定性机制进行探讨，采用XRD，FTIR，XPS，SEM、TGA等仪器分析手段研究纳米改性异氰酸酯在淀粉胶粘剂中的稳定条件，揭示纳米改性异氰酸酯的稳定机制以及在水溶性淀粉胶粘剂中的反应机制问题，为新型无醛高性能、高附加值淀粉基胶粘剂的开发和应用奠定理论基础。 探索和开发一种适合于胶接生物质材料用的环保高性能胶粘剂的新途径，为生物质材料加工和高效利用提供可靠的理论依据。

本研究本项目提出一种基于环保型淀粉基无醛复合胶黏剂的新思路。以淀粉为原料，采用纳米蒙脱土改性异氰酸酯为交联剂，制备复合胶黏剂。首先探究了纳米蒙脱土插层异氰酸酯的化学表征，通过SEM、粒径分析仪和稳定性等分析测试手段进行研究，评价了产物的形貌、结晶度和粒径大小及分布的影响规律。将纳米插层异氰酸酯加入到淀粉胶黏剂中，制备复合胶黏剂，并对其进行胶接强度以及胶接界面测试，测试强度均满足国家标准，从各种测试结果中揭示了复合胶黏剂的反应固化特性和反应规律。该项目的研究成果，可为淀粉基胶黏剂的应用奠定理论基础，并具有实践指导意义，将为低成本、容易操作、具有工业发展前景的胶粘剂的应用提供理论指导、对促进我国林产工业的可持续健康发展具有重要的现实意义。