多级压气机失速稳定性模型与先进扩稳方法研究

Flow instability has restricted seriously the design and application of high thrust-weight ratio aeroengine and there is no effective stability theory for multi-stage compressor. Therefore the researches on the stall inception prediction and stall margin enhancement have significant theoretical value and wide application foreground. The previous research has demonstrated that a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment can be used to enhance stall margin without recognizable efficiency loss for single stage compressors. The present investigation focus on three scientific issues about the multi-stage compressor instability, when will the instability happen? How to design the SPS casing treatment to increase stability? What is the mechanism of stable work range enhancement with such casing treatment? Accordingly the research contents are divided into three parts. A physical and mathematical model will be firstly established to predict the stall inception and to include the SPS casing treatment for multi-stage compressors. Then an effective evaluation approach will be developed to determine the variation range of the stall margin improvement during the design of such SPS casing treatment with various mounting location and configuration parameters. Finally, the experiments will be conducted to validate the capability of the extended model and the mechanism of stall margin enhancement with the SPS casing treatment. In this way, the research may be of important theoretical and practical significance for multi-stage compressor stability design.

压气机流动稳定性问题严重制约了高推重比航空发动机的设计和使用，而现有理论大都针对单级压气机展开，由于理论模型不能包含充分的稳定性影响因素，而数值模拟受限于现有计算能力，均无法有效应对亟需解决的多级压气机稳定性问题。本项目拟建立包含失速先兆抑制型（Stall Precursor-Suppressed, SPS）机匣处理影响的多级压气机稳定性模型，围绕失速起始预测、先进扩稳方法以及失稳/扩稳机理三个科学问题开展系统性研究工作。首先建立包含压气机几何、气动参数影响的多级压气机失速模型，考察关键参数对失速起始的影响；进而在模型中包含SPS机匣处理的作用，通过机匣处理不同安装位置、不同结构形式来探讨多级压气机扩稳设计方法；最后进行机理性实验研究，考察SPS机匣处理扩稳效果及作用机理。希望藉此为我国自主设计研制的多级压缩系统流动稳定性设计做出既有工程实用价值又有学术理论贡献的探索工作。

旋转失速是压气机气动热力学领域的一个重要问题，七十多年来一直备受关注，但由于其客观复杂性，对其内在机理认识、失速起始点预测及扩稳控制等方面至今都没能得到妥善解决。本项目建立了包含失速先兆抑制型（Stall Precursor-Suppressed, SPS）机匣处理影响的多级压气机稳定性模型，围绕失速起始预测、先进扩稳方法以及失稳/扩稳机理三个科学问题开展了系统性的研究工作。首先建立了包含压气机几何、气动参数影响的多级压气机失速模型，能够考察关键参数对失速起始的影响，能够为设计人员开展气动设计提供理论准则；其次在模型中包含了SPS机匣处理的作用，建立了带有背腔的有限长机匣处理壁面边界模型，能够对其扩稳效果进行定量评估。通过对SPS机匣处理开展参数化研究，得出机匣处理参数设计的一般规律，实现了多级压气机扩稳而不降效率的目标；最后进行机理性实验研究，考察了SPS机匣处理扩稳效果及作用机理。本项目按照任务书要求完成了预期目标，有助于为我国自主设计研制的多级压缩系统流动稳定性设计做出既有工程实用价值又有学术理论贡献的探索工作。