钢桥面铺装细观纹理抗滑机理及性能衰减演化研究

Though many researches have focused on the skid resistance of pavement, the relationship between surface texture distribution and the skid resistance has not been quantified, and the surface texture characteristics need to be considered in the further study on tire-pavement interaction mechanism. Moreover, because of the special stress states and operating conditions, the skid resistance of steel bridge deck pavement needs more concern. This research intends to evaluate the effect of multi-scale texture on the skid resistance mechanism and the skid resistance deteriorating discipline of steel bridge deck pavement. Firstly, laser measurement technology will be used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-scale texture of steel bridge deck pavement, and the effect of texture directional distribution on the difference of skid resistance will be revealed. Secondly, the principal component analysis and neural network technology will be used to establish the evaluation model of friction coefficient based on the texture parameters, and the contribution of influencing factors of texture distribution to the skid resistance will be achieved. Thirdly, the dynamic friction model will be used to define the nonlinear contact behavior between tire and pavement, and an interaction model of tire-fluid-pavement will be developed to reveal the influences of pavement texture characteristics, tire dynamic properties and fluid flow on the skid resistance. Lastly, the skid resistance deteriorating model of steel bridge deck pavement will be developed based on the correlation analysis of texture degradation and the skid resistance deterioration. Outcomes of this research will be helpful to propose the skid resistance evaluation system of steel bridge deck pavement, and to determine the texture feature requirement, vehicle speed limitation, and the skid resistance maintaining time.

路表纹理特征与抗滑性能的量化关系尚待深究，基于路表形貌的轮胎-路面接触理论也有待完善。钢桥面铺装因特定受力环境及使用要求，其表面抗滑受到关注。本项目在路表空间纹理形貌重构的基础上，探究多尺度空间纹理对钢桥面铺装抗滑影响机理及性能衰减规律。通过激光测试技术构建钢桥面铺装表面纹理的空间分布形态，研究纹理方向性特征对铺装表面抗滑性能的差异影响机理；基于主成分分析与神经网络技术，建立引入纹理因素的摩擦性能评估模型，获取钢桥面铺装表面纹理分布敏感性因素对抗滑性能的贡献率；采用轮胎摩擦动力学模型确定轮胎-铺装非线性接触行为，构建轮胎-水膜-铺装多相接触模型，揭示纹理特征、轮胎运动及流体流动对抗滑性能的耦合作用；研究纹理退化与抗滑性能衰减演化的相关性，建立钢桥面铺装抗滑性能预测模型。研究成果有助于提出钢桥面铺装抗滑评价体系，明确安全行车的纹理构造、限速要求及抗滑最佳修复时机。

钢桥面铺装因特定受力环境和使用要求，其表面抗滑性能受到关注。影响沥青混凝土铺装抗滑性能的本质是其表面宏观纹理和微观纹理，但路表纹理特征与抗滑性能的量化关系尚待深究，基于路表形貌的胎路接触理论有待完善。本研究探索了不同尺度空间纹理对钢桥面铺装抗滑影响机理及性能衰减规律，在轮胎-铺装细观接触摩擦模型研究基础上构建了适用于钢桥面铺装结构的轮胎-水膜-铺装多相接触模型，揭示了纹理特征、轮胎运动及流体介质对抗滑性能的耦合作用。首先，开发了一种基于Canny边缘检测算法沥青混凝土铺装表面纹理轮廓线提取技术，运用Hilbert-Huang变换技术并结合频谱分析方法提出了沥青混凝土铺装表面不同尺度纹理的形貌分布特征参数。其次，开展了钢桥面铺装结构抗滑性能多因素多水平正交试验，建立了基于GA-BP神经网络的钢桥面铺装抗滑性能评估模型，实现了设计阶段对建成后铺装结构抗滑安全性能的有效评估，采用行车荷载模拟系统MMLS3开展钢桥面铺装室内加速磨耗试验，研究纹理退化与抗滑性能衰减演化的相关性，并建立了钢桥面铺装抗滑性能预测模型。然后，引入Klüppel/Heinrich橡胶摩擦理论建立了轮胎-铺装细观接触摩擦模型，在此基础上构建了行驶轮胎与钢桥面铺装相互作用分析模型，通过模拟计算不同工况下轮胎附着系数和制动距离进行钢桥面铺装抗滑行为分析。最后，基于CEL算法建立了轮胎-水膜-铺装耦合分析模型，通过对钢桥面铺装高速行驶轮胎的滑水现象进行模拟，对比分析了不同工况下轮胎的滑水性能，初步建立了轮胎操纵条件、水膜厚度、铺装表面形貌特征等因素对降雨条件下钢桥面铺装行车安全性的影响规律。项目研究方法为钢桥面铺装行车安全性分析提供了新的技术手段，研究成果初步建立了细观纹理对钢桥面铺装抗滑机理及性能衰减演化影响规律，也为明确安全行车的纹理构造、限速要求及抗滑最佳修复时机等提供了理论依据。