炔雌醚对黄毛鼠社会行为和配偶选择的影响及机制

The rodent damage is a serious worldwide disaster, there were increasingly serious problems in conventional chemical control rodent, such as short term effect, population rebound, harm to natural enemies, environmental pollution, and resistance of rodent. Fertility control is hot research field of continuing role on the population of rodent. The key physiological mechanism of fertility control is inhibition of the reproductive function of animals. On the other hand, the sterile individuals still own territory and spouse resources, the competitively reproductive interference by sterile individuals to reproductive ones that would enhance effect of antifertility activity. However, little is known about the mechanism of fertility control impact on the spouse selection and the social behavior of male and female rats. In order to reveal the effect of quinestrol on the behavior of non-monogamy lesser rice-field rat (Rattus losea).Analysis male and female advantage-affiliation change through the different scenarios dyadic encounters experiments, clearing sterile impact on ability of mouse to control the field of space, food, and spouses; revealing the mechanism of mate choice by pair-choice preference tests, pair-choice preference tests and dyadic encounters were recorded using a video collection system. Clarify mechanism of sterilization on male and female rat social behavior and mate choice by combination endocrine data. It's important to understand the strategy of the competitively reproductive interference by sterile individual impact on fertility control. In addition, it is significance that would provide a scientific basis for infertility research and strategic using.

当前鼠害化学防制中出现的防效短、种群易反弹、伤害天敌、污染环境以及抗药性等问题日益凸显，亟需新型鼠害防治技术。不育控制被认为具备克服上述问题的潜力，一方面直接使害鼠不育；另一方面若不育个体仍占有领地和配偶资源，则对可育个体产生竞争性繁殖干扰作用。但不育后雌雄鼠的社会行为和配偶选择是否会发生变化及其内分泌机制尚不清楚。本项目以可抑制雌雄繁殖功能的炔雌醚为不育剂，在非单配制的华南农田重要害鼠黄毛鼠中，通过不同场景下的遭遇实验中优势-从属的社会关系变化，明确不育对该鼠空间领域、食物和配偶等资源控制能力的影响；不同社会关系异性个体间的选择行为实验，确定不育对非单配制害鼠配偶选择的影响；通过粪便和血清中激素的测定，阐明不育对雌雄鼠社会行为和配偶选择的影响的内分泌机制，整合上述结果揭示不育个体发挥竞争性繁殖干扰作用的行为和生理机制，为害鼠不育控制研究和使用策略制定提供科学依据。

不育控制后行为的变化可能会引起种群内等级关系和社群结构的变化，从而改变种群的繁殖策略，影响不育个体的竞争性繁殖干扰作用，降低野外不育控制的实际效果。本研究为探讨炔雌醚对华南地区优势鼠种黄毛鼠(Rattus losea)的不育效果，通过选择实验和两两遭遇实验，探明炔雌醚对黄毛鼠给药后，雌鼠对其配偶选择、雄鼠的个体识别以及雄鼠间的各种行为，为制定野外控制黄毛鼠数量的策略提供依据。本文的主要研究结论如下：.1、通过遭遇实验，比较给药与未给药雄性黄毛鼠重复遭遇战中的行为变化趋势与正常雄鼠重复遭遇战中的差异，以及炔雌醚对雄鼠作用的持效性。结果发现，未给药的两组雄鼠初次遭遇后基本能确定优势从属关系；而给药后雄鼠与正常雄鼠组间的社会关系不稳定；雄鼠在给药后第2 d占优势雄鼠的比例上升，第8 d后下降，第15 d后略有回升，说明炔雌醚在给药初期可能增强了雄鼠的攻击性，但攻击性随时间降低。.2、通过气味选择实验，比较炔雌醚给药雄鼠和未给药雄鼠对雌鼠巢垫物与干净巢垫物的选择差异，结果发现，炔雌醚不影响雄鼠对雌鼠的气味识别；雄性给药炔雌醚后，对其嗅觉反应无影响，且不改变其求偶行为，给药后黄毛鼠依然积极主动寻找配偶，可对正常雄鼠形成竞争性繁殖干扰作用。.3、通过气味选择和个体遭遇实验，比较雌性黄毛鼠对炔雌醚给药和未给药雄鼠的选择偏好，结果发现，雌性黄毛鼠偏好给药雄鼠，给药后雄鼠可能比正常雄鼠获得更多交配机会，从而发挥其竞争性繁殖干扰作用。通过遭遇实验，比较雌性黄毛鼠与炔雌醚给药和未给药雄鼠遭遇时各行为的差异。结果发现，炔雌醚不影响雄性黄毛鼠的择偶行为；但雌性黄毛鼠可能更偏好给药雄鼠。雌鼠与给药雄鼠的交配机会增多，也会对正常雄鼠形成竞争性繁殖干扰，从而增强不育效果。