亚热带内陆云雾林系统中雾水的水文生态效应

The significance of fog water in some terrestrial ecohydrological systems cannot be neglected. However, the ecohydrological functions of fogs in the subtropical inland cloud forest systems are far less understood than in coastal or tropical areas according to the literature around the world. Under the circumstance of increasing fog days and fog acidification in southern China regions, it is of great significance to further conduct the study on the behaviors of fog water in the forest ecohydrological processes. Based on our previous research work and findings in the Chishui montane cloud forest located in southwestern inland area, this project is to further explore the hydrological and ecological effects of fogs in this region. By carrying out long-term field meteorological observation and rain/fog water sampling, the characteristics of rain and fog events as well as their spatio-temporal variations of stable isotopic composition will be revealed. The water use strategy of typical plants and their utilization pattern of fog water will be explored to explain the influences of fogs on local ecosystems. By combining the isotope hydrology methods under different temporal and spatial scales with traditional hydrology methods, the participation mechanism of fog water and its contribution to the hydrological cycle will be determined on the basis of a good knowledge of hydrological processes. The research outcome will generate further insights into the hydrological and ecological significance of fogs in subtropical inland areas.

雾水对于一些陆地水文生态系统有着不可忽略的重要意义，然而目前国内外对于亚热带内陆云雾林系统中雾水水文生态效应的认识远不如沿海或热带地区。在我国南方地区雾日数增加和雾水酸化趋势的背景下，加强对雾水参与森林水文生态过程机制的研究更是具有重要意义。本项目基于前期在地处我国西南内陆的赤水山地云雾林所开展的研究工作和认识，进一步探究雾水在该地区的水文生态效应。通过开展野外长期气象观测和雨雾采样，揭示内陆水汽来源条件下的雨雾特征及其同位素组成的时空变化规律。探明林区典型植被的用水策略和对雾水的利用规律，阐述雾水对该地区生态系统的影响机制。将不同时空尺度下的同位素水文学方法与传统水文学方法相结合，在弄清水文转化过程的基础上确定雾水参与水文循环的机制及其贡献量。研究成果将有助于拓展人们在亚热带内陆地区雾水的水文生态意义方面的认识。

雾是大气水分的一种存在形式，空气中的雾滴能够被植物叶片吸附，并聚集成较大水滴后滴落至地表，对某些陆地水文生态系统有不可忽略的贡献。目前国内外对于亚热带内陆云雾林系统中雾水水文生态效应的认识远不如沿海或热带地区，而我国关于雾水参与水文生态过程的研究仍处于起步阶段。本项目基于前期在地处我国西南内陆的赤水山地亚热带云雾林所开展的研究工作和认识，进一步探究雾水在该地区的水文生态效应。本项目取得的主要成果有：（1）设计和研发了能够满足研究区不同位置、不同高程自动监测需要的物联网开源气象观测系统，并启动了长期气象数据搜集和样品采集工作；（2）通过搜集和分析全球雾水同位素数据，探究了影响雨雾同位素组成差异的主要因素及其与雾类型之间的关系，结合研究区的雨雾发生规律和同位素特点，分析了研究区雾的主要水汽来源及形成机制；（3）基于长期采样分析数据，初步揭示了降雨、雾水同位素组成的时空变化规律，并进一步揭示了大气水、地表水、地下水之间的转化关系；（4）结合不同时空尺度的历史采样分析数据，揭示了典型亚热带内陆云雾林系统中雾水参与水文循环的机制及其对地下水系统的贡献。研究成果将有助于拓展人们在亚热带内陆地区雾水的水文生态意义方面的认识，对于进一步认识地球系统大气-水文-生态之间的相互作用有着重要意义。