负载型橡胶助剂的制备及其对橡胶结构与性能的影响及机理研究

Rubber additives are important components of vulcanized rubbers. So far, rubber additives are mainly used as the modality of organic small molecules, which have many disadvantages，such as environmental pollution, low efficiency，single function，high migration and so on. Recently, the applicant explored the support of the small molecular rubber additives on the surfaces of inorganic fillers and preliminary prepared a new type of rubber additives with many advantages such as environmentally friendly, high performance, multifunction, low migration and so on, which is named supported rubber additives. On the basis of our previous works, this project plan to design and prepare a series of supported rubber additives with accelerating vulcanization, anti-ageing, interfacial modification and reinforcement effects by chemical and physical actions between small molecular additives or similar organic compounds and inorganic fillers as carriers. The preparation conditions of the supported rubber additives will be systematically investigated and optimized. Their structure and properties will be characterized. The influence of the supported rubber additives on the structure and properties of rubbers will be systematically investigated in depth. The action mechanism of supported rubber additives in rubbers will be explored. Finally the supported rubber additives will be investigated as an applied basis in rubber materials of high performance tires. These results will provides theoretical bases and guides for further research, development and applications of supported rubber additives. The supported rubber additives is a new concept proposed by the applicant, which has not yet been reported. The research of this project have obvious innovation and characteristics as well as excellent application prospect.

橡胶助剂是硫化橡胶的重要组成部分，迄今主要是以有机小分子形式使用，存在易污染环境、使用效率不高、功能单一、易迁移等缺点。申请者最近探索将小分子橡胶助剂负载于橡胶的无机填料表面，初步制备出一类具有环境友好、高性能、多功能、低迁移等优点的新型橡胶助剂，命名为负载型橡胶助剂。本项目拟在前期工作基础上，选择某些小分子防老剂和促进剂或类似有机化合物，用常用无机填料作载体，通过它们之间的化学或物理作用，设计和制备一系列具有促进硫化、防老化、界面改性和补强等功能的负载型橡胶助剂，系统研究和优化其制备条件，表征其分子结构和物理化学性质，系统深入研究其对橡胶结构和性能的影响，探讨其在橡胶中的作用机理，并探索其在高性能轮胎中的应用基础，得出规律性认识，为负载型橡胶助剂的进一步研究和应用提供理论基础和指导。负载型橡胶助剂是一种未见国内外报道的新材料和新概念，本项目具有重要创新和特色，并具有很好的应用前景。

目前橡胶工业中广泛使用的橡胶助剂（如促进剂、防老剂、硫化剂、加工助剂等）是以小分子有机物为主，其最大的缺点是在加工或使用过程中容易迁移到表面，并挥发到空气中，从而造成严重的环境污染，甚至诱发癌症。因此，如何降低橡胶工业的环境污染成为当前一个十分迫切的行业性问题。本项目研究工作针对现有小分子橡胶助剂在加工及使用过程中易迁移、易挥发、污染环境及效率低、功能单一等缺点，在国内外首先提出了负载型橡胶助剂的新概念，将小分子橡胶助剂（防老剂、促进剂、硫化剂等）通过化学方法负载在白炭黑、埃洛石纳米管、石墨烯等填料表面，制备得到了一系列新型、环保、高效、多功能的负载型橡胶助剂，研究了它们的结构、性能及其在橡胶中的应用，发现它们的最大特点是不易迁移和挥发，从而开辟了一条从源头上降低橡胶助剂对环境污染的新途径；同时，负载型橡胶助剂还能显著提高助剂的使用效率，获得高效的负载型促进剂、防老剂、硫化剂以及加工助剂等，此外还能促进填料在橡胶基体中的分散和界面结合，从而显著提高硫化胶的力学性能和动态性能。因此，负载型橡胶助剂是一类新型环保高效多功能橡胶助剂，具有良好的应用前景，特别是能为当前橡胶工业发展方向的高性能轮胎的研制提供理论和实验基础，为推动橡胶工业的创新和发展提供一种创新性新技术。