基于现场海态同步观测的地波雷达海杂波内目标检测研究

High-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is capable of continuous monitoring the maritime targets for a wide range, and the sea clutter, especially the first-order sea clutter which may cause a blind area in the echo spectra, is one of the main interference that influence the target detection performance. For HFSWR, the target detection within the sea clutter area is an issue and is not yet effectively been solved..The sea clutter is generated by the interaction of radar radio and the ocean surface waves, thus it contains the information of ocean state, e.g. ocean surface current, wave and surface wind field. Employing the ocean state information observed in situ, the sea clutter in radar echo spectra can be constructed. In our research, the in situ ocean state information is utilized to achieve the target detection within sea clutter area and the research content includes: (1) construction of the semi empirical model based on the in situ ocean state information; (2) influence analysis of targets on sea clutter and the selection of sensitive characters; (3) abnormality detection based on sea clutter sensitive features and target parameter estimation; (4) experimental verification of the proposed target detection method. This research will break through the key technic of target detection within sea clutter, and to enhance the overall performance of HFSWR.

地波雷达是海上船只目标大范围连续探测的主要手段，海杂波是地波雷达目标探测的主要干扰之一，由其造成的检测盲区严重制约了对船只目标的检测能力。地波雷达海杂波内的目标检测是地波雷达探测的难点，目前尚未有有效的检测方法。. 海杂波是由雷达电磁波与海面相互作用产生的回波，含有风浪流等海态信息，利用现场观测的海态信息可以提供无目标影响的海杂波参考信息。本项目将现场海态同步观测信息用于海杂波中的目标检测，研究内容包括：(1)基于现场观测信息的海杂波回波半经验模型研究；(2)目标对海杂波特征的影响分析与敏感特征选择；(3)基于海杂波敏感特征的异常检测与目标参数估计；(4)海杂波内目标检测方法实验验证。通过本项目的研究将提高海杂波内的目标探测率，整体上提升地波雷达的船只目标探测性能。

本项目按照项目申请书和计划书规划的研究需求和进展计划执行。在同步跟踪国内外最新研究进展的基础上，实现了单频窄波束地波雷达海杂波一阶后向散射模型，建立了含有现场风、浪、流等观测信息的理论回波谱，构建了考虑雷达实际情况的海杂波回波半经验模型，为海杂波内目标检测提供了参考依据。另外，发展了基于多域信息的强干扰环境下地波雷达海杂波一阶回波谱提取方法，为开展目标对海杂波一阶谱特征的影响分析以及研究对目标存在敏感的海杂波特征奠定了基础。.在建立含有现场风、浪、流等观测信息的理论回波谱以及海杂波回波半经验模型, 提出基于多域信息的强干扰环境下地波雷达海杂波一阶回波谱提取方法的研究基础上，开展了目标对海杂波一阶谱特征的影响分析以及对目标存在敏感的海杂波特征研究，构建了海杂波敏感特征池。针对海杂波内的目标检测难题，提出了利用现场海态观测信息的地波雷达海杂波内的目标检测方法。经实测数据验证，本项目的研究突破了“检测盲区”的限制，提高了海杂波内目标的探测率，整体上提升了地波雷达的船只目标探测能力。