单色LED光照对鸡胚发育和雏鸡品质影响的研究

Day-old chick quality is the key to the successful rearing of birds. Commercial chicks are usually incubated completely in dark conditions. Most hatcheries have the problem of lower uniformity of newly hatched chicks due to the wide spread of hatch， which has a long-term impact on the growth and health of chickens. This study is going to investigate the effect of different LED lights on embryo development and chick quality. The embryo status and heat production will be detected via a real time and non-invasive way based on the micro-environmental control & chick embryo biofeedback system. Hatched chicks will be marked and reared until 6 weeks old for the assessment of growth, behavior and health. The objectives of this project are to establish the circadian rhythm in chick embryo through the manipulation of light investigate the effect during incubation period. It may synchronize the hatching process and narrow the hatch window, resulting in improved uniformity of day-old chick and stress resistance of chicken. This will provide a theoretical basis for exploring reasonable lighting program in hatchery.

鸡苗品质是孵化和家禽养殖成功的关键所在。目前商品鸡苗通常是在完全避光的条件下孵化，存在着孵化间隔长和鸡苗均一性差的问题，对后期鸡群的生长健康影响较大。本项目以孵化阶段光照的调控为研究对象，研究不同单色LED光照对鸡胚发育和雏鸡品质的影响。通过建立孵化微环境-鸡胚生物反馈体系，无干扰无损伤实时监测鸡胚发育和能量代谢；同时标记追踪雏鸡至6周龄，对育雏阶段生长、行为、健康等指标进行评价。本项目旨在利用光照刺激使鸡胚建立早期昼夜节律，集中出壳缩短孵化窗，提高鸡苗均一性和后期育雏鸡的抗应激能力，为探索孵化期合理的光照程序提供理论基础。

家禽对光的敏感性明显优于人类，但是对于产生不同生理效应的光照模式和机理却不得而知。本项目针对传统暗室孵化存在出雏窗过长导致的鸡苗均一性差的问题，在孵化过程中引入光环境调控集中出孵进程。建立了基于家禽敏感系数的家禽感知照度的评价方法，能更准确的反映家禽对不同单色光的敏感性，以家禽感知照度作为统一标准设置了光照方案。该项目研究结果显示相对于蓝光和无光照对照组，孵化期绿光和白光使雏鸡出孵时间整体推后，缩短雏鸡孵化后滞留时间，改善雏鸡品质和福利。同时揭示了胚胎期光诱导建立的生物节律对后期雏鸡行为和抗应激的影响作用，通过对42天雏鸡跟踪监测，对不同孵化光照处理组雏鸡行为和生长指标进行统计分析，结果显示相对于无光照孵化，孵化期光刺激提高了孵化后期雏鸡对环境的适应性和抗应激能力。其中白光和绿光孵化雏鸡采食的时间更长、饮水的频次更高，较其他光照处理组在生长方面更具有优势。白光孵化雏鸡的展翅频次显著低于其他光照处理组，饮水频次和育雏前期的啄地频次更高，表现出更强的探索性。综合分析不同孵化光照对鸡胚发育和雏鸡品质的作用，筛选了有利于家禽孵化的光照方案，包括光色，光照时间和光照度，设计了适合商业孵化合理给光的光照方案，可用于商业孵化场提高孵化表现和育雏期雏鸡生长性能。