高性能气凝胶建筑隔热构件的热性能实验与计算优化研究

Building insulation has well acknowledged as an important way to improve thermal environment and reduce building energy consumption. However, there exist several problems for the building insulation materials such as flammable security risks, poor thermal insualatoin, poor durability and high hygroscopic rate, which limits the application of building thermal insulation. This project proposes a new structure and high performance super-thermal insulation component with ultra-low thermal conductivity, A-class non-combustible and low moisture absorption rate through reinforcement of flexible fibers and loading of opacifiers based on aerogels. Experimental tests and inversion calculation to inverse heat transfer problem will be carried out so as to obtain the basic data of thermal properties of the aerogel thermal insulation component. A model of equivalent thermal conductivity of the aerogel thermal insulation component will be established for the coupling transfer of gas and solid, heat conduction and radiation. The minimal equivalent thermal conductivity of the aerogel thermal insulation component will be accordingly predicted by using a trivariate orthogonal optimization method. Experimental tests on thermal insulation performance of the aerogel thermal insulation component will be performed in different climate zones by using wall and aitificial climate chamber under various temperatures, humidities and air velocities. The guidelines for the design and application of the aerogel thermal insulation component in building envelopes will be developed for the improvement of building thermal insulation and implementation of ultra-low energy consumption buildings in China.

建筑隔热是改善建筑热环境和降低建筑能耗的重要途径。但目前建筑墙体隔热技术存在材料易燃、隔热性能差、耐久性差、吸湿率高等问题，影响了建筑隔热节能技术应用。本项目拟以隔热性能最好和耐火不燃的气凝胶为基体，通过柔性纤维增强和遮光剂负载等技术研究，设计和制备一种新型结构和高性能的气凝胶/纤维/遮光剂建筑墙体隔热构件，获得A级不燃、超低导热系数、低吸湿率和良好耐久性等高性能。通过实验测试和传热学反问题反演计算，获取气凝胶隔热构件的热物性基础数据；通过建立气/固和热辐射/热传导耦合传热模型，计算气凝胶隔热构件的等效导热系数，并以最小等效导热系数为目标开发有效的三元正交优化技术。进而，采用墙体隔热实验台和人工气候室，实验研究在温度、湿度等不同环境参数下气凝胶墙体隔热性能，形成气凝胶建筑隔热构件结构设计与节能应用技术指引，为提升我国建筑隔热技术水平和实施建筑低碳战略提供理论依据和技术指导。

建筑隔热是改善建筑热环境和降低建筑能耗的重要途径。但目前建筑墙体隔热技术存在材料易燃、隔热性能差等问题，影响了建筑隔热技术节能应用。本项目首先以隔热性能最好和耐火不燃的气凝胶为基体，开展柔性纤维增强和遮光剂负载等技术研究，设计并制备新型结构和高性能的气凝胶隔热构件；然后开展实验测试和传热反问题反演计算，获取气凝胶隔热构件的热物性基础数据；进而开展气/固和热辐射/热传导耦合传热模型研究，计算气凝胶隔热构件的等效导热系数，并以最小导热系数为目标进行隔热性能优化；最终采用隔热试验台，实验测试气凝胶隔热构件在温度、湿度等不同环境参数下的隔热性能，为建筑隔热技术应用与性能提升提供理论指导和数据参考。.通过项目研究，提出新型结构和高性能气凝胶墙体隔热构件的设计方法与制备技术，具有超低导热系数、A级不燃、低吸湿率等高性能；建立了新型气凝胶隔热构件热物性参数的反演计算模型，发展新型气凝胶隔热构件的导热系数计算模型及绝热性能优化方法，提升建筑隔热技术安全性和节能性能。.在项目资助下，在Renewable Energy、Energy and Buildings、Solar Energy、Applied Energy、International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer、建筑科学、工程热物理学报、新型建筑材料、土木建筑与环境工程等国内外重要期刊发表研究论文22篇（其中SCI检索8篇），申请发明专利5件；编写高性能气凝胶隔热技术指引，作为重要支撑获中国专利奖优秀奖、广东省科技进步二等奖、广州市科学技术一等奖。项目执行过程中，主办全国学术会议1次，参加国内外学术会议5次；培养青年科研骨干2人（其中1人博士后出站、1人晋升副研究员），培养研究生7名（其中博士生1名）。