GATA转录因子调控有性发育延缓杏鲍菇采后衰老的分子机制

The umbrella's opening and basidiospore's substantial production, caused by sexual development due to nutrition consumption of fruiting body, is unique postharvest aging phenomenon of edible fungus. This defect seriously restricts the development of edible fungus industry. Our previous study on Pleurotus eryngii found that CO2 treatment could significantly prolong the shelf life by inhibiting umbrella opening and basidiospore production; Transcriptome analysis showed that the GATA transcription factors involving in sexual development were generally down-regulated, which was speculated to be participating in delaying senescence process of post-harvest Pleurotus eryngii. In this project, the protein functional properties of GATA transcription factors will be clarified firstly by bioinformatics analysis to provide theoretical reference for clarifying gene function and regulation mechanism; the correlation of GATA transcription factors and sexual development regulation will be tested by transcription research; the relationship between gene function and postharvest senescence will be verified positively and negatively by gene deletion and over-expression accompanied with sexual development and phenotypes test; furthermore, the regulation network and mode of GATA transcription factors will be explored by interacting protein identification and modification level determination. The prospective results will help us taking insight into molecular mechanism of preservation regulated by GATA transcription factors and provide a candidate target for the development of novel design of preservative.

子实体消耗自身营养供应有性发育，导致开伞并产生大量有性孢子，是食用菌独特的一种采后衰老现象，严重制约食用菌产业的发展。前期以杏鲍菇为对象，通过气调处理抑制开伞和产孢，显著延长了货架期；转录谱分析表明调控有性发育的GATA转录因子表达量普遍下调，推测其参与了延缓杏鲍菇衰老进程。为阐明这一科学问题，本项目拟对其进行生物信息学分析，为阐明基因功能与调控机制提供理论参考；利用基因转录研究明确GATA转录因子与有性发育及采后衰老调控的相关性；通过遗传转化体系获得敲除和过表达的突变体杏鲍菇，结合有性发育、生理生化指标等表型正反验证其与杏鲍菇采后衰老的关系；进一步鉴定GATA转录因子的互作蛋白并测定蛋白转录和修饰水平，探查其下游途径的调控机制。预期结果有望揭示GATA转录因子调控有性发育延缓杏鲍菇采后衰老的分子机制，进一步丰富食用菌采后衰老的生物学研究内涵，并为新型保鲜剂的研发提供候选分子靶标。

子实体消耗自身营养供应有性发育，导致开伞并产生大量有性孢子，是食用菌独特的一种采后衰老现象，严重制约食用菌产业的发展。我们前期以杏鲍菇为对象，通过气调处理抑制开伞和产孢，显著延长了货架期；转录谱分析表明调控有性发育的GATA转录因子表达量普遍下调，推测其参与了延缓杏鲍菇衰老进程。基于上述背景，本项目进一步挖掘基因组和转录谱数据库，得到两个GATA转录因子家族基因（GATA1和GATA4），并对其进行生物信息学分析；从转录水平上明确了GATA转录因子与有性发育及采后衰老调控的相关性；通过遗传转化体系获得过表达的突变体杏鲍菇，结合有性发育、生理生化指标等表型验证其与杏鲍菇采后衰老的关系；构建酵母文库，利用酵母杂交筛选到与GATA4互作的三个蛋白，其中有两个是转录因子，GATA4可能通过与其他基因的互作共同调控杏鲍菇采后衰老过程。本研究首次探索了杏鲍菇中GATA转录因子与衰老进程的关系，下一步仍需验证GATA家族基因的功能，系统挖掘其调控网络，为食用菌生长发育和成熟衰老调控提供理论依据。