生物有机肥制备过程中生防功能菌的追踪及其影响机制

In consideration of the importance of biological organic fertilizer on the sustainable agriculture and in view of the fact of that the fundamental research on the biological organic fertilizer is not yet detailed, this project want to investigate the mechanism of effects on the amount and activity of the bio-control function bacteria in biological organic fertilizer during its preparing and preserving processes. A strain of Bacillus subtilis with efficient bio-control function isolated and identified in our previous work will be used in this project. The FISH method and PLFA technique will be adopted to track the number of function bacteria F-2 and to detect the microbial community structure and quantity in the compost material during composting and in the compost products, respectively. Different composting experiments with different inoculums and inoculating times，with different nutrition additives added and with different ventilations will be conducted to explore the composting process parameters for the purpose of increasing the number of bio-control function bacteria in the compost product. Furthermore, different compost products preserving experiments with different moisture contents, with different packing methods and with different preserving temperatures as well as with different chemical fertilizer added will be carry out to survey the optimizing storagde method so as to keep higher amount and activity of the bio-control function bacteria in the compost products during a long preserving period. The co-culture experiments of bio-control function bacteira and soilborne plant pathogen in soil will also be performed to evaluate the bio-control effect of biological organic fertilizer.

鉴于生物有机肥对可持续农业的重要性，针对我国生物有机肥基础研究较为薄弱的现状，本项目以提高并保持生物有机肥产品中的功能菌数量为目标，拟在利用一株高效生防功能菌F-2制备生物有机肥的过程中，采用FISH技术追踪堆肥物料、生物有机肥产品中的功能菌数量，利用PLFA技术分析堆肥物料及产品的微生物群落结构与数量，通过功能菌接种方法、营养助剂添加、通气量及通气频度等一系列模拟及现场堆肥试验，研究分析堆肥物料中微生物群落结构特征与功能菌数量变化的关系，研究确定有利于提高功能菌数量的堆肥工艺参数；通过烘干温度及时间、不同化肥种类及添加量等的生物有机肥加工试验，研究明确有效保持产品中功能菌数量的适宜烘干温度及可耐受的化肥添加量；通过生物有机肥不同水分含量、包装方法、保藏温度等一系列贮存试验，研究确定有效保持产品中功能菌数量的适宜保藏条件；通过生防菌与病原菌在土壤中的共培养试验，研究评估生物有机的生防效果。

鉴于生物有机肥对可持续农业的重要性，针对我国生物有机肥基础研究较为薄弱的现状，本项目通过一系列模拟与现场堆肥试验、生物有机肥加工、贮存试验与生物有机肥应用效果试验，探讨了生物有机肥制备与加工、贮存过程中目标功能菌F2数量的变化及微生物群落结构演变；研究确定了促生功能菌枯草芽孢杆菌F2以味精废液为主要营养源的培养基配方；研究发现（1）添加味精废液作为生物有机肥二次发酵营养助剂有利于提高产品中功能菌数量与比例，（2）在生物有机肥的吸收法制备工艺中添加分散剂白炭黑和保水剂聚丙烯酰胺有利于提高功能菌F2的芽孢数及其比例，（3）生物有机肥吸附法制备后立即进行60℃~80℃烘干处理有利于提高功能菌F2数量与比例，（4）生物有机肥中添加无机化肥不利于功能菌的成活，（5）施用生物有机肥对草莓具有显著的促生效果。该成果为降低生物有机肥生产成本、提高产品质量，并实现食品工业有机废水资源化利用开辟了新途径。同时对当前市场上销售的“有机无机生物有机肥”的可行性提出了质疑。