植保无人机专用超低容量喷雾油性制剂关键技术研究

For the problem of serious droplet drift, unequal deposition and distribution in the process of spraying pesticides by agricultural unmanned aviation vehicle (UAV), oil ultra-low volume will be developed for direct spraying. Using the theory and experimental technology of rheology, colloid, interfacial chemistry and other disciplines, research the relationship between micromechanism and the physicochemical properties of ultra-low volume, studying the synergistic rules between different additives and surface tension, viscosity and electrical conductivity of ULV. Study the internal relations between flight parameters and droplet drift, deposition, evenness, the utilization of droplets on wind tunnel flight. Based on the results of wind tunnel flight, exploring the relationship between surfactant, promoter in ULV and the droplet drift and deposition in spraying. Exploring the relationship between the number of deposited droplet per unit area and the properties of different ULV, studying the relationship between the surface tension, viscosity, electrical conductivity of ULV and the droplet drift and deposition in spraying by ULV.. Based on the results of all the probe tests, the simplified mathematical models of physicochemical properties of ULV and the utilization of droplets will be established; the simplified mathematical models of special parameters of ULV and the utilization of droplets will be established, too. Through this project, 1-3 ultra-low volume liquid will be developed, compared the spraying of conventional formulations, the number of the droplet in per unit area would be increased more than 10%, and droplet deposition rate and deposition uniformity would be increased by more than 5%, and pesticide utilization would be increased more than 5%.

针对植保无人机施药高空雾滴飘移严重，沉积分布不均的问题，开发直接喷施油性超低容量液剂。利用流变学、胶体与界面化学等学科的理论与试验技术，研究油性超低容量液剂形成与性能的微观机制，研究不同配方与制剂理化性质的协同规律，研究不同类型助剂对制剂表面张力、粘度和电导率等指标的协同规律。开展风洞试验，测试飞行参数对雾滴漂移、沉积的影响，测试单位面积的雾滴数量和均匀度，探索提高雾滴利用率的途径。结合风洞试验，探索配方中表面活性剂、助剂与喷施雾滴漂移、沉积的关系；探索不同配方单位面积中的雾滴沉淀数量与制剂理化性质的关系，探索制剂配方中的特征参数如电导率、粘度、与漂移、沉积的关系。建立制剂理化性质和特征参数与雾滴利用率之间的简化数学模型。通过本项目，开发1-3种直接喷施超低容量静电液剂，相对于常规制剂喷雾，单位面积雾滴数量提高10%以上，雾滴沉淀速率和沉淀均匀性提高5%以上，农药利用率提高5%以上。

本项目针对我国无人机植保高速发展中遇到的问题，从制剂的角度作为切入点，开发超低容量专用制剂。通过项目得开展和研究，研制了适合植保无人机低量喷施的氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪超低容量喷雾油剂，可有效提高对草地贪夜蛾防效；制备了5种噻苯隆·敌草隆超低容量喷雾油剂，并通过原药质量分数、冷/热贮稳定性、挥发率、闪点、粘度和植物安全性测试，油剂的各项质量控制指标符合标准。通过靶性能测试及田间药效试验结果表明该制剂能能够更好的发挥药效；采用界面聚合法制备咪鲜胺微胶囊，研究了壁材(异氰酸酯、多元醇/多元胺)、乳化剂、原药含量对咪鲜胺微胶囊形貌的影响，结果表明，油相单体为HMDI，水相单体为DETA，EL-80为乳化剂时，制得的咪鲜胺微囊形貌较好。该咪鲜胺微胶囊制剂对小麦赤霉病菌具有较好的抑菌活性；此外，研发了精甲霜灵•嘧菌酯•咯菌腈微胶囊和吡唑醚菌酯微胶囊悬浮剂，并探讨微胶囊的释放行为和缓释机理。通过研究，相关工作发表学术论文4篇，申请专利1项，培养研究生5人（其中1人转为硕博连读）。