The submerged vegetation is widely distributes in the rivers and lakes,which observably influences on the flow and sediment movement. Research on the change characteristics of flow field and sediment concentration field in the sediment-laden flow when the vegetation exists, especially the vertical distribution law of flow velocity and sediment concentration, which not only has important significance to promote the fusion of hydraulics and river dynamics and ecology, but also has important reference value to environment protection and water ecological civilization construction and formulating planning scheme..The project will be proposed on the basis of predecessors' research, and will obtain the vertical distribution of flow velocity and sediment concentration under different state of submerged vegetation through fine flume test, reveal the influence mechanism that submergence degree of submerged vegetation, the vegetation distribution density, flexibility of vegetation on the vertical distribution of flow velocity and sediment concentration, propose partition method of the distribution characteristics of vertical velocity under the condition of including vegetation, discuss adjustment mechanism of the flow shear stress and the vertical distribution of the diffusion coefficient of sediment turbulent under the condition of submerged vegetation, establish theoretical formula of the vertical distribution of the velocity and sediment concentration under the action of submerged vegetation using the principle of hydraulics and silt kinematics.
淹没植被在江河湖泊中普遍分布,其对水流和泥沙运动影响显著。研究植被存在时挟沙水流的流场与泥沙浓度场的变化特征,特别是流速及含沙量的垂向分布规律,不仅对促进水力学及河流动力学与生态学的融合有着重要意义,也对环境保护、水生态文明建设及规划方案制定有重要参考价值。. 本项目拟在前人研究的基础上,通过精细水槽试验,获取不同淹没植被状态下的水流流速与含沙量垂向分布资料,揭示植被淹没度、植被分布密度、植被柔性等因素对水流流速及含沙量垂向分布的影响机理,提出含植被条件下垂向流速分布特性分区方法,探讨含淹没植被水流切应力与泥沙紊动扩散系数垂向分布的调整机制,运用水力学及泥沙运动学原理建立淹没植被作用下流速与含沙量垂向分布理论公式。
河道中的植被具有改善生态环境、维护生态多样性,防止水土流失,固岸固滩等作用。植被的存在改变了水流结构和泥沙浓度的分布,使河道水力学问题变得更为复杂。目前已有学者研究了植被对水流和泥沙的影响,但对淹没植被作用下流速及含沙量垂向分布研究甚少,而此研究对于今后开展河道修复及环境保护工作有着重要意义。.本试验在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,分别选取了具有代表特性的刚性和柔性材料模拟植被,两种设定布置密度和15种淹没度,采用只突出单一因素而隔离其他因素影响的方法,逐个分析淹没度、植被密度、植被特性等要素的影响,并进行对比分析,研究植被对水流结构和含沙量的影响。结果表明:.(1)植被的存在明显影响了水流流速及其紊动特性,植被对水流的阻滞作用大于底层切应力,改变了流速垂向分布结构。流速受刚性植被存在的影响,不再呈半对数分布,而是划分为了三个区域,分别为:植被层底部区域(h<0.8hv),植被层顶部区域(0.8hv<h<1.5hv)和植被层上部水流区域(h>1.5hv)。在h<0.8hv区域内流速缓慢增大,至0.8hv<h<1.5hv区域流速呈线性增长,且增速较快,在h>1.5hv区域内流速呈对数分布;淹没柔性植被作用下流速也划分为三区,不同的是h<0.6hv为植被层底部区域,三区内流速分布规律一致;.(2)同种植被特性不同布置密度的流速分区一致,但随着植被布置密度的减小,h>1.5hv区域内水流流速越早达到稳定状态;.(3)相同淹没度时,刚性植被不同布置形式的糙率值不同,植被布置密度越大,糙率值越大,糙率值的差异随淹没度的增大而减小;相同布置形式,随淹没度的增加,刚性植被糙率值由比柔性植被糙率值大向小转变。分析得,糙率值与淹没度呈幂函数分布:n=C(H/hv)^m;.(4)淹没度H/hv <3.0时,植被作用下垂向含沙量分布较均匀;淹没度H/hv ≥3.0时,植被层内的垂向含沙量随淹没度的增加逐渐降低,植被层上部垂向含沙量呈均匀分布。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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