深海作业超高压微磨料自激振脉冲射流切割关键技术研究

Ultral high pressure abrasive water jet cutting is most attention by salvage, ocean exploitation, military fields, and the high pressure water jet technology is also hot spot and the frontier on fluid control. The project research on the structure and cutting characteristics of the self excited oscillating pulsed micro abrasive waterjet, analyzes the abrasive jet flow field characteristics, puts forward a new methods to measure the abrasive particles export speed and erosion temperature distribution, this paper reveals the abrasive water jet crushing mechanism； Since established excitation pulse jet cutting model，research the relationship between the jet hitting force and the nozzle structure,put forward a new jet hitting force nonlinear control methods which based on the structure parameters, the coupling of the pressure and flow rate, vibration characteristics; Development of effective micro abrasive supply device and the self excited oscillating pulsed nozzle; For deep underwater operations complex condition, put forward high pressure jet pressure compensation, the enhanced excitation force of pulse jet beating new methods; Establish ultra high pressure on self excited oscillating pulsed abrasive waterjet system, based on laboratorial researches to optimize jet parameters, and present a new method of efficient cutting. The main research of this project is application basic research on ultral high pressure on self excited oscillating pulsed abrasive water jet technology, to lay the ultrahigh pressure abrasive jet application technology base and raise the level of salvage operations on deep sea large tonnage sunken ships has important theoretical and practical significance.

深海超高压微磨料水射流切割系统是救助打捞、海洋开发以及军事领域所最关心的高新技术装备之一，也是流体控制领域的研究热点和前沿。本项目研究深水环境下超高压微磨料脉冲射流的新型结构形式及切割特性，提出微磨料粒子出口速度分布测量新方法，揭示微磨料射流破碎机理；建立深水环境下自激振脉冲射流切割模型，研究水深压力、射流打击力与喷嘴结构之间的关系，提出基于结构参数、压力流量耦合及激振特性的射流打击力非线性控制新方法；研制高效的微磨料供给装置和自激振脉冲喷嘴；针对大深度水下作业复杂工况，提出超高压射流压力补偿、增强自激振脉冲射流打击力的新方法；建立深水环境下超高压微磨料自激振脉冲射流系统，结合试验研究优化射流参数，提出高效切割的新方法。本项目着眼于深水超高压微磨料自激振脉冲射流系统关键技术的应用基础研究，对于奠定深水超高压磨料射流应用技术基础，促进深海作业装备技术水平提高具有重要意义。

深海超高压微磨料水射流切割系统是救助打捞、海洋开发以及军事领域所最关心的高新技术装备之一，也是流体控制领域的研究热点和前沿。本项目研究了淹没态超高压微磨料射流破碎机理，建立了围压条件下磨料射流破碎数学模型，利用有限元方法，仿真分析了射流压力、喷嘴几何尺寸、靶距、喷射角度、进给速度等射流参数的影响规律。随着淹没深度增加，射流中磨料相的最大速度线性递减，300m深时为199m/s。搭建了淹没式超高压磨料射流切割特性试验系统，利用正交实验法进行试验，通过对试验数据进行统计分析，确定了影响切割特性的关键因素，包括喷嘴直径和靶距。优化的水下连续磨料射流参数为喷嘴直径1mm、靶距8mm，切割深度随工作压力增加而增大。设计并研制了自激振射流喷嘴，试验分析了自激振射流效果，并进行了微磨料自激振射流试验。所试制的碳化钨喷嘴对无磨料水射流自激振作用明显，但微磨料对喷嘴自激振腔磨损剧烈。开发了水下高压微磨料射流切割执行系统，开展了淹没态自激振射流结构、运动进给控制机构设计与高压射流切割性能参数优化研究。本项目探索了自激振脉冲射流增强打击力的方法，对于高压磨料水射流切割技术在水下应用，奠定深水高压磨料射流应用技术基础具有重要意义。