开采沉陷在土体中的传递机理及其控制方法

Mining subsidence is comprehensive reflection of a complicatedly space-time revolution process in the strata above the mine goaf. When there are the Quaternary system alluvium above the basic rocks, it is more complicated and hardly to forecast and predict the mining subsidence. The item aims at the complexity of subsidence in the thick surface soil, whose main research contents includes: the transfer pattern and transfer scope of mining subsidence in the soil; the computation method of dehydration concretion and drainage concretion in the soil which is directly caused by the mining subsidence; the condition and computation methods which subsidence can produce the flowing in the soil and the methods which control the movement and displacement in the soil. The item gains a the self-conditioned prediction model in the surface subsidence (the comprehensive prediction model in the soil's movement and displacement) by the above research, surface subsidence = mining subsidence (direct effect) + concretion subsidence(additional effect) + flowing subsidence(additional effect); and it gains methods which complete the mining under the buildings(structures) by reasonably arranging the working-face and validly utilizing the surface displacements. The attained achievements can entirely explain the various special rules which materialize under the thick surface soil, and predict the surface movement and displacement comparative accurately. The practice shows it can validly apply to the production and practices. Therefore, the item has important scientific meanings and broad application values.

随着矿区开采强度的增大，开采沉陷在土体中的传递范围的扩大，持续时间的加长，制约了矿井的持续发展。本项目应用土体流变原理，在大量的现场实测资料和试验数据的基础上，研究沉陷土体的流动特性，建立完整的流动模型，研究荷载长期作用下沉陷土体的蠕变过程及其阶段性。提出确定移动边界时空位置的新方法，以及控制土体沉陷范围的新措。