长空气间隙放电先导发展速度测量及其影响规律研究

The velocity of leader is a key parameter for the research of long air gap discharge. Many scientists had implemented some research work about the performance of long air gap discharge in last century, and some experimental models were illustrated by the them, such as the streamer, leader, final jump and so on. And the velocity was mentioned by analyzing the photos taken by cameras.But at that time, the test method was very raugh, the time and spatial precission were not so high. In addition, the graph just can reflect the 2 dimension macro performance of the long leader, which usually reaches several meters, the micro characteristics of leader have not been well understanded. So, the result of the leader velocity needs to be measured by some novel methods. In this project, a new method is presented to acquire the macro and micro characteristics of leader, which can obtain the velocity by combinning the E-field sensors and high speed camera, more exactly. The main ieda is to measure the change of the E-field at different sensors along the route of the leader.The most important is to develop a kind of new sensors for using outdoor, and the measurable amplitude should be arranged as array. And then some outdoor experiments will be designed and implemented. After acquiring the experiemnt reults, some simulation work should be do to obtain the velocity of the leader in long air gap discharge. Finally, some research work will be done to find the impact on leader velocity of some factors, such as the amplitude of electric field, air pressure, humidity, and so on. Based on the fundamental work of this project, some new models about long air discharge will be presented, more reasonable and pracitcal.

先导发展速度是长空气间隙放电物理过程研究的基础参数。上世纪科学家通过长间隙放电物理过程实验，提出了描述长间隙放电发展的经验模型，并通过图像转换器照片获得先导发展速度。但囿于当时模拟图像清晰度与时间分辨率的限制，测量结果精确度较低，且图像仅反应先导通道的宏观区域二维特征，未能反映微观区域及三维速度变化特征。本课题拟自主开发适合于户外高温度稳定性的光电集成电场传感器微观阵列，同步测量长空气间隙闪络过程中空间电场变化规律及其时间对应关系，得到微观区域先导发展速度的准确值；另外，通过多角度高速摄相机（时间分辨率5us，空间分辨率10cm）对先导发展通道的同步拍摄，实现宏观区域先导发展速度的三维测量。并通过不同环境条件下的实验，得到电场、气压、湿度等因素影响先导发展速度的特征规律。预期研究成果可为长空气间隙放电机理研究提供更精确的基础参数。

先导发展速度是长空气间隙放电物理过程研究的基础参数。上世纪科学家通过长间隙放电物理过程实验，提出了描述长间隙放电发展的经验模型，并通过图像转换器照片获得先导发展速度。但囿于当时模拟图像清晰度与时间分辨率的限制，测量结果精确度较低，且图像仅反应先导通道的宏观区域二维特征，未能反映微观区域及三维速度变化特征。本课题自主开发适合于户外高温度、湿度稳定性的光电集成电场传感器微观阵列，同步测量长空气间隙闪络过程中空间电场变化规律及其时间对应关系，得到微观区域先导发展速度的准确值；另外，通过多角度高速摄相机对先导发展通道的同步拍摄，实现宏观区域先导发展速度的三维测量。研究成果可为长空气间隙放电机理研究提供更精确的基础参数。