接触/碰撞式小型介电弹性体俘能装置的能量俘获机理与性能研究

Featuring high energy density and strong adaptability to vibration environments, dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) show great potential for developing high-performance small-scale vibration energy harvesting devices. Extant research on DEGs mainly focuses on material, while the research on the structure, mechanism and performance at the system level in practical vibration environments has not been conducted yet. In the previous work of the applicant, small-scale DEGs with contact and impact dynamics structures were proposed and studied. However, the previous work shows that current research on dynamics models at both material and system levels is insufficient. This key issue has affected the research on the system energy harvesting mechanism and performance. Therefore, this project proposes to study the proposed DEGs comprehensively by addressing the aforementioned issues. It proposes to study the basic dynamics and electricity properties of the dielectric elastomer membrane under out-of-plane deformations and present the contact-based and impact-based energy conversion processes at the material level. Furthermore, this project will simulate practical vibration environments and model the proposed DEGs systems in terms of both dynamics and electricity. Based on the models, this project will present the energy harvesting mechanism，conduct simulation analysis and study the energy harvesting performance. The simulation process will be verified and modified through system parameters optimization, trial-manufacturing and experimental research. This project aims at constructing a framework that is applicable to the research on the energy harvesting of small-scale DEGs and providing an example for the design and development of DEGs of different structures. The research results of this project are of great significance for the development of novel wireless electronic devices and effective utilization of vibration energy in China.

介电弹性体俘能器(DEG)具有能量密度高和振动环境适应性强等优点，是高性能小型振动能量俘获设备的潜在发展方向。目前DEG的研究主要集中在材料层面，而在实际振动环境下系统层面的结构、机理和性能研究还未展开和深入。申请人前期已提出接触/碰撞式小型DEG系统模型，发现材料和系统层面的动力学模型尚不明晰，严重制约了系统能量俘获机理的阐释和性能的研究。因此，本项目拟以上述DEG系统模型为研究对象，研究弹性体薄膜面外拉伸的动力学和电学基本性能，进而阐述接触和碰撞作用下材料层面的能量转换过程；在此基础上，进行具体振动环境下的系统建模，阐明系统能量俘获机理并开展仿真分析和性能研究，最后在模型优化和试制的基础上开展系统振动实验进行验证。本项目研究旨在建立普适的小型DEG系统能量俘获研究方法体系，为不同结构小型DEG系统的设计研发提供范例。研究成果对我国新型无线电子设备的发展和振动能源的有效利用具有重要意义。

随着科学技术的不断发展，各种低功率小型无线传感器应用愈发广泛，在状态监测、人工智能、物联网等领域发挥越来越重要的作用，如何为其提供持续、稳定、免更换的能源是亟待解决的问题之一。近几年来，从工作环境中直接俘获能量为无线传感器提供有效的能源解决方案，成为重点突破方向。介电弹性体俘能器(DEG)具有能量密度高和振动环境适应性强等优点，是高性能小型振动能量俘获装置的潜在发展方向。为进一步扩展DEG在实际振动环境下系统层面的结构、机理和性能研究，本项目以接触/碰撞式小型DEG系统模型为研究对象进行了深入的理论技术探索研究。取得的主要研究进展和成果包括：建立了DEG面外变形的力学模型，构建了接触/碰撞式DEG能量转换模型与性能评价指标；设计并研究了基于碰撞式DEG的风致旋转、驰振和涡振能量采集装置；设计并研究了基于接触式DEG的位移和旋转能量采集装置。项目组在Joule、Nano Energy、Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing、Energy Conversion and Management、Nonlinear Dynamics、Journal of Sound and Vibration等国际顶级期刊发表论文13篇，申请发明专利7项，授权实用新型专利4项，超额完成了预期研究目标。本项目取得的研究成果可为小型DEG系统的设计开发奠定理论和技术基础。