大功率多缸脉冲管制冷机的机理研究

Compressible oscillating flow is what regenerative cryocoolers rely on to achieve the conversion between heat and mechanical energy.Its characteristics determine whether the cryocoolers can realize efficient energy conversion and less flow losses. Based on the study of the multi-piston pulse tube cryocooler with high capacity, this project is to reveal the relationship between oscillating flow characteristics and the cooling efficiency. The content mainly includes: (1) study on the new phase adjustment mechanism, which is to show the influence of the configuration on the acoustic field and the energy conversion efficiency; (2) study on the inconsistency, which is to show the dynamic stability characteristics of the system; (3) study on the entrance and exit effect, which is to show the mechanism of the flow losses near changed cross-sections. A new configuration for the pulse tube cryocooler will be explored, which will open up a new direction for the development of pulse tube cryocooler. It is also of great significance to the development of the fluid Mechanics, nonlinear Dynamics, heat transfer of oscillating flow. The success of the new pulse tube cryocooler will present the HTS eletric power grid and liquifaction of natural gas a new solution which promises high efficiency, long lifetime and compactness.

可压缩交变流动是回热式制冷机赖以实现热能和机械能之间相互转换的基本载体，其在管内的流动特性直接决定回热式制冷机能否实现高效的能量转换和最低的流动损失。本项目以大功率多缸脉冲管制冷机为研究载体，旨在揭示交变流动特性与制冷效率之间的规律，主要包括：（1）新型调相方式的研究，揭示新调相机构对声场的影响以及声场特性与热功转换效率之间的关系；（2）不一致性研究，研究系统的动力稳定特性；（3）进出口效应的研究，揭示变截面对交变流动损失机理及流态发展的影响。本项目的研究可能将对脉冲管制冷机的研究发展产生重要影响，相信对流体力学、非线性动力学、交变流动传热学的研究也具有重要的参考价值。新型大功率脉冲管制冷机的成功研制将为超导电网、天然气液化提供高效、长寿命、紧凑的解决方案。

可压缩交变流动是回热式制冷机赖以实现热能和机械能之间相互转换的基本载体，其在管内的流动特性直接决定回热式制冷机能否实现高效的能量转换和最低的流动损失。本项目以大功率多缸脉冲管制冷机为研究载体，旨在揭示交变流动特性与制冷效率之间的规律。项目严格按照任务书要求执行，主要研究内容与结果包括：（1）解释了双作用脉冲管制冷机的调相与耦合机理；（2）研制成功高效大功率脉冲管制冷机；（3）解释了突变截面损失机理，并进行了定量实验测量究；（4）提出了多种新型交变流动换热器结构；（5）提出了可连续调节回热器声场的试验办法；（6）提出了新型串级脉冲管制冷机结构。在项目执行期间，共发表论文22篇，其中11片SCI收录，6片EI收录，核心期刊4片；申请了9项国家发明专利；获中国制冷学会科学技术青年奖，深圳市科学技术发明奖二等奖，入选中国科学院卓越青年科学家；培养博士生1名，硕士生2名；通过与企业合作，开发出用于高温超导冷却以及液化天然气储罐蒸发汽再冷凝的大功率脉管制冷机产品。