复杂载荷下大型水平轴风力机传动系统可靠性研究

Wind power generation is a main form of renewable energy utilization. China has the largest installed capacity of wind power in the world. Under the extremely windy and dusty weather conditions in most of Chinese wind farms, the wind turbines are exposed to sudden load impacts of high intensity and high frequency, which tend to cause serious failures such as blade flutter and gear tooth breakage. The failures may result in voltage fluctuations, and sometimes may even lead to the collapse of the entire grid. This project aims to address two major problems facing large horizontal-axis wind turbines under complex loads: blade flutter and drive chain performance degradation. It will investigate the patterns of blade flutter development and blade performance degradation mechanism. The conditions for controlling blade flutter evolution will be revealed. In addition, the failure modes and performance degradation mechanisms of the main drive shaft, bearings, planetary gearboxes, and other key components under impact loading will be examined. The relationship between the impact loads and the component performance loss will be quantitatively mapped. The multi-state reliability property, evaluation criteria, and the uncertainty propagation mechanism of major components in the drive chain system will be studied. Based on the established mechanism and methods, this research plans to develop the reliability evaluation system and provide theoretical guidance as well as technical support for the safe operation of large horizontal axis wind turbines in real applications.

风力发电是可再生能源的主要利用方式，我国风力发电装机容量居世界首位。在极端风速、沙尘暴等恶劣气候条件下，风力发电机组受到突发性、高强度、高频率的冲击载荷，易诱发叶片颤振、齿轮断齿等严重故障，引发电压波动甚至导致电网瓦解等重大事故。本项目针对复杂载荷作用下大型水平轴风力机的叶片颤振和传动链性能退化两大突出问题，揭示叶片颤振的突变规律及叶片性能损伤机理，提出叶片颤振突变的控制条件；研究传动轴、轴承、行星齿轮箱等关键部件在冲击载荷下的失效机理与性能退化规律，建立冲击载荷与部件性能损伤的定量映射关系；揭示传动系统的多态性与不确定性及其传播机制，提出传动系统多态可靠性评估准则与方法。在上述机理与方法研究基础上，开发风电机组可靠性评估系统并实现应用，为大型水平轴风电机组安全运行提供理论指导和技术支撑。

风力发电是可再生能源的主要利用方式，我国风力发电装机容量连续多年位居世界首位。然而由于我国风电行业最近十几年呈现井喷式发展，设计、运行等均存在经验不足等问题，导致风力机可靠性不高故障频繁，影响机组安全运行并导致严重经济损失。在极端风速、电网故障等条件下，风力发电机组受到突发性、高强度的冲击载荷，易诱发机组振动、齿轮断齿等严重故障，引发电压波动甚至导致电网瓦解等重大事故。本项目针对复杂载荷作用下大型水平轴风力机传动链性能退化及振动故障等问题，揭示传动链故障机理，研究齿轮箱等关键部件在冲击载荷下的失效机理与性能退化规律，揭示传动系统的多态性与不确定性及其传播机制，提出传动系统多态可靠性评估方法，为大型水平轴风电机组安全运行提供理论指导和技术支撑。.本项目对风力机齿轮失效原因及失效机理开展研究，建立了风力机传动系统齿轮裂纹扩展寿命机理模型，开展了极端风速、紧急制动、齿轮内部动态过程、疲劳载荷等因素对齿根裂纹扩展寿命影响的评估和预测研究。开展了在电网故障条件下，传动系统扭振疲劳损伤评估研究。对沙尘颗粒与叶片碰撞行为开展研究，探究沙尘在叶片表面的沉积机理，为沙尘沉积对叶片动平衡影响提供基础。通过UGF方法研究多态系统统计可靠性不确定性的传播机制，开展包括随机冲击载荷下风力机部件性能退化研究，获得部件性能退化规律，建立基于性能退化特性的可靠性评估模型，实现小样本数据条件下具有性能退化特性的风力机可靠性评估研究。提出基于可靠性评价的风电场维修优化策略，为风电场实现资源的统筹调配与管理提供决策支撑。开展了综合多个参数几何比例一致性分析的风洞大气边界层被动模拟实验、风力机叶片动力学性能实验以及风电机组叶片表面状态识别实验研究。