城市历史景观框架下古城意象的多尺度研究——以北京旧城为例

“Historic Urban Landscape” encourages holistic methodology to coordinate the conflicts between conservation and development, for a more sustainable future. Under its framework, this multi-scale study of “Image of Historic Urban Landscape (IHUL)” is developed, to deal with the ubiquitous problem of the rapid loss of city characteristics and historic features in Chinese cities, so that the people’s collective memory can be inherited, while the city’s livable space can be created..Taking the Old City of Beijing as the object of study, 3 spatial scales are divided to collect the rating, classification, and distribution information of IHUL elements in different scales. For the Old City Scale, cognitive mapping of city image with think-aloud method, and a self-designed city image investigation software are used; For the Historic District Scale, featured photo identification questionnaires with structured interviews, and big data crawling of volunteered geographic information are used; For the Hutong Scale, depth tour sightseeing photos will be collected within certain activities, along with semi structured interviews. Then, all the collected information will be quantitatively described, using perception matrix analysis, integrated classification system design, and spatial analysis. Finally, factor analysis is used for diagnosis and explanation. Suggestions on policy and planning will be made based on the conclusions of the classification and weights of IHUL elements in different scales, the major factors influencing the imagery and desirability of IHUL, and features in the IHUL elements spatial pattern. The ideology of Historic Urban Landscape will be integrated as well, to discuss the way to combine conservation and development in historic cities, with more emphasis on people oriented design and public participation.

“城市历史景观”倡导以整体性方法论，协调保护与发展的矛盾，实现更可持续的未来。在其总体框架下，针对我国城市特色与历史风貌普遍流失的现状，开展“城市历史景观意象”的多尺度研究，以实现“人”的集体记忆传承与“城”的宜居空间塑造。.以北京旧城为对象，划分3种空间尺度。为采集各尺度意象要素的评分、分类、分布信息，旧城尺度采用绘制城市意象认知地图结合出声思维法，与意象调查软件法；历史街区尺度采用特征照片识别问卷结合结构式访谈法，与自发地理信息的大数据抓取法；胡同尺度下采用结合活动即兴收集深度游览照片配合半结构式访谈法。然后定量描述信息，包括做知觉矩阵分析，设计完整分类体系，及做空间分析。最后用因子分析法诊断与解释。依据研究所得的各尺度下意象要素的分类和权重、影响印象与品质的主要因素、空间格局特点等结论，提出政策及行动建议。并结合城市历史景观思潮，探讨更重视以人为本和公众参与的历史城市保护与发展。

“城市历史景观”倡导以整体性方法论，协调历史城市保护与发展的矛盾，实现更可持续的未来。在城市历史景观与城市意象结合的基本理论建构基础上，针对我国城市特色与历史风貌普遍流失的现状，项目提出了城市历史景观意象的理念和构想，帮助历史地段尽量有效的保存和强化场所感与独特性，以实现“人”的集体记忆传承与“城”的宜居空间塑造。.项目以北京老城为重点研究对象，开展基于多源数据和多种方法的不同尺度历史地段的“城市历史景观意象”研究和探讨。按照3个尺度的划分，分别研究了其意象要素的评分、分类、分布等信息，具体案例包括老城尺度的北京老城全城，历史街区尺度的东四片区、白塔寺片区、朝阳门内片区、东四南片区、定兴古城、拉萨老城，以及胡同尺度的什刹海片区。每个案例均依照各自地段特色与问题，并积极结合新数据、新技术，选用和创新不同方法开展数据采集、描述、分析和诊断，重组为可供其他历史地段检验和借鉴的多尺度方法体系。同时为城市历史景观意象研究在规划设计实践中的多种应用做出若干示范，以地方性的经验反哺理论，探讨更重视以人为本和公众参与的历史城市保护与发展的新出路。