铝离子电池负极枝晶研究

Aluminum-ion battery (AIB) is a new type of chemical battery based on metallic aluminum anode. Due to its significant merits of non-flammability, low cost, and high capacity of metallic aluminum anode, AIB demonstrates great potential for commercial energy storage. However, the formation and growth mechanism of aluminum dendrites in AIB is rarely reported. This project conducts a systematic and in-depth study on the relationship between the metallic aluminum dendrite growth and the final performance of AIB during the charge-discharge process. High quality defect-free graphene film will be prepared, working as the cathode material for AIB. Then the surface of a fresh aluminum foil will be controllably oxidized, in order to achieve aluminum oxide protective films with various structure and properties. Other approaches will also be introduced such as the coating of few graphene layers with controlled thickness and structure on the surface of aluminum anode, working as dendrite suppression. The project intends to study the formation mechanism and growth law of dendrites on the metallic aluminum anode by regulating the structure, morphology, density and other chemical properties of the protective film. Based on the effect of aluminum dendrites on the performance of AIB, the achievement of safe and efficient dendrite-free AIB or aluminum-sulfur batteries is proposed, and the corresponding applications in flexible and wearable electronic devices are also suggested. Finally, the obtained study of aluminum dendrite inhibition mechanism is further extended to the suppression of conventional lithium dendrite growth.

铝离子电池是一种铝金属为负极的新型化学电池。金属铝负极具有非常高的负极比容量、较低的氧化还原电位、储量丰富、价廉易得，并且具有非常高的安全性能，具有极大的商业化化学储能潜力。然而，铝枝晶的形成行为和生长机理却鲜有研究。本项目针对铝离子电池充放电过程中金属铝负极的枝晶生长和电池性能关系开展系统深入的研究。首先制备高质量无缺陷石墨烯膜，作为铝电池的正极材料。然后通过新鲜铝箔表面的可控氧化，制备出不同形貌的氧化铝保护膜，或者在铝箔上覆盖一层不同厚度和结构的石墨烯作为保护膜，从而对铝电池的金属铝负极材料进行改性研究。本项目拟通过调控保护膜的结构、形貌、致密度以及其它化学性质，研究金属铝负极上枝晶的形成机理和生长规律。利用枝晶和性能的关系，实现全天候高性能铝离子电池以及铝硫电池的制备，探索铝电池在柔性可穿戴电子器件方面的应用，并进一步研究铝枝晶抑制机理在其它电池体系中应用的可能性。

铝离子电池是一种铝金属为负极的新型化学电池。金属铝负极具有非常高的负极比容量、较低的氧化还原电位、储量丰富、价廉易得，并且具有非常高的安全性能，具有极大的商业化化学储能潜力。本项目针对铝离子电解液的设计和电池性能关系开展系统深入的研究。采用商用膨胀石墨作为电极，氯化铝-三乙胺盐酸盐作为电解质的铝离子电池开发，探索膨胀石墨的结构对铝离子电池性能的影响；完成了高压水系电解质的研发，利用电化学同位素效应，增强了水系电解质的电压窗口，详细研究了离子种类，电解质浓度和氘/氕比率的影响; 提出了一种可回收利用的策略来应对碳废物的爆炸性增长，通过快速清洁的电化学方法，碳废物被转化为高价值的功能性构建基块，例如石墨烯和石墨烯量子点; 基于氧化石墨烯片之间的自融合特性，提出了一种可行的方法来制备高热导率的超厚石墨烯薄膜; 探索超薄石墨烯纳米膜的制备，及其在光电子器件方面的研究，特别是核辐射探测器以及太赫兹生物探测。.项目执行期间发表经费标注的SCI 论文共5篇，包括The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1篇、Carbon 2篇、Nanoscales 1篇、封面综述Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1篇，积极开展科普宣传。落实创新驱动发展战略，全力推动产学研对接及工程应用，突破并掌握了原料到宏观组装、储能器件到光电子器件关键制备技术。