多组学视角下家犬行为微进化的基因相互作用机制

Dogs have evolved a wide variety of phenotypic diversity driven by artificial selection, especially in the aspect of behavior, which provides an excellent natural model animal for studying the genetic mechanisms underlying complex traits. This project will integrate different types of data, including genome, transcriptome, and epigenome to illuminate the gene-gene interaction for behavioral microevolution of dog, and reveal genetic mechanism underlying dog domestication by artificial selection. Based on large scale of genomic data, we will solve how to efficiently store these massive data, and effectively present the data. We further develop the theory and method of theoretical population genetics in order to analyze efficiently the population genomes, to study the gene-gene interaction under artificial selection in dogs, and to promote the development of the field about microevolution driven by artificial selection.

家犬在人工选择作用下进化出相当丰富多样的表型，尤其在行为方面，为研究复杂表型变异的多基因相互作用机制提供了绝佳的天然实验动物模型。本项目通过整合不同组学，包括基因组、转录组、表观组等数据全面勾勒出家犬行为微进化的多基因相互作用网络图景，以期探讨家犬的驯化和人工选择作用机制。并基于组学大数据，解决如何高效地存储海量数据，有效地将数据以可视化的形式呈现出来，而且也将针对家犬的相关数据，特别是家犬驯化过程中经历的人工选择作用，进一步发展群体遗传学的相关理论和方法，以便高效地分析处理家犬群体基因组数据，更好地研究家犬在人工选择影响下的多基因相互作用机制，推动人工选择微进化相关领域的发展。

在本项目支持下，围绕家犬人工选择和适应方向，发表dog10K计划白皮书,组装完成了高质量家犬参考基因组，产生超过3000份的家犬全基因组数据，测得家犬ENCODE大量的数据，包括多个家犬个体大量组织的7种组蛋白修饰的chip-seq数据。揭示了家犬从野生驯化后行为改变的遗传机制，澳洲野犬的还野行为演化遗传机制，以及适应高原极端环境的遗传机制；搭建了家犬综合数据库iDog；开发了正选择检测的新方法。在本项目支持下，项目组成员发表论文11篇，其中SCI影响因子10分以上9篇， 包括1篇Nature Ecology &Evolution, 1篇Nature Communications, 1篇 Cell Research, 3篇National Science Review, 2篇Molecular Biology and Evolution，1篇Nucleic Acids Research。