针状莫来石-氧化锆多孔陶瓷材料的制备、结构调控及隔热性能研究

In this project, thermal insulation ceramics used in high-temperature industry will be invested. Acicular mullite-zirconia porous ceramics with low thermal conductivity and high strength will be prepared using idle middle-low grade kyanite, zircon as the main raw materials by foaming and reaction sintering. Firstly, the appropriate raw materials and rational process will be optimized, and the low-cost preparation technology of high strength acicular mullite-zirconia composite will be gained. Meanwhile, the growth-mechanism of acicular mullite will be studied. Combining the foaming method and preparation technology of high strength composite, high-performance insulation ceramics will be produced. Moreover, influences of key processes on microstructure and performances will be revealed, and effective control mechanisms on microstructure and performance also will be established. The insulation property of acicular mullite-zirconia composite will be studied, and relationship models between microstructure and mechanical strength will be established. Further more, some rules of thermal isolation–mechanical matching will be gained. This research will provide a theoretical ground and technical support for preparation of high-performance insulation ceramics. Meanwhile, it will offer a precise regulation for microstructure and performance.

本项目以高温工业用隔热材料为研究对象，立足我国耐火原料资源优势，拟以闲置的中低品位蓝晶石和氧化锆等为主要原料，通过发泡技术和原位反应烧结工艺制备低导热、高强度针状莫来石-氧化锆多孔隔热陶瓷材料。首先探寻合适的原料体系及烧成工艺，获得强韧针状莫来石-氧化锆复相材料的低成本制备技术，并阐明针状莫来石的生成机理；采用发泡技术与强韧复相材料制备工艺相结合制备高性能隔热陶瓷材料，揭示关键工艺环节对气孔结构及性能的影响规律，构建结构与性能的有效调控机制；研究针状莫来石-氧化锆多孔陶瓷材料的隔热性能，建立结构与力学性能的关系模型，揭示其隔热和力学性能间的匹配规律，为性能的优化选择提供理论指导。本项目的成功实施，将对高性能隔热陶瓷材料的制备及其结构与性能的精确调控提供理论基础和技术依据。

本课题研究了合适原料体系及烧成工艺，获得强韧针状莫来石材料的低成本制备技术；研究了针状莫来石的生成机理；采用发泡技术与强韧针状莫来石制备工艺相结合构筑了高性能隔热陶瓷材料，系统研究了发泡体系、料浆固相含量及固凝体系等对多孔材料气孔结构及性的能影响规律，构建了结构与性能的有效调控机制；明确了针状莫来石多孔材料的隔热机理，建立了相关隔热和力学结构模型，揭示了隔热与力学性能间的匹配规律。项目暂且发表了论文6篇，申报了技术发明专利15项，其中5项授权。本项目的开展，对我国高性能隔热材料的研究供了理论和技术依据，同时将对我国高温工业的绿色可持续发展及碳达峰、碳中和等做出贡献。