三江源区植物生态过程对区域气候影响及响应的数值模拟研究

Terrestrial ecosystem is the important link of human activities and climate change of interaction, and it plays a important role in earth system. The plant is the main body and most significant part of ecosystems, human activities and the land use affected significantly the relation of plant and climate. In this proposal, the regional climate model coupled with plant ecosystem process (GEMRAMS) is use to make a two-way interaction and two-way feedback between plant and atmosphere in Three River Source Region, and to validate the model's simulating capacity of climate change, biomass and net primary productivity (NPP). The land surface process parameterization and the model's simulation ability will be improved; The impact and response of plant ecological process on the climate change will be researched when the CO2 concentration was increasing under the background of global climate change; The change of regional climate and ecological process will be researched under the background of human activities-grazing and ecological restoration and recovery project; At the same time, basing on the research of several group sensible numerical simulation test, we will go into the two-way interaction and mechanism between the climate and ecological process, provide scientific basis of protection of eco-environment and sustainable animal husbandry develop in the Three River Source Region.

陆地生态系统是人类活动与气候变化相互作用的重要环节，在地球系统中起着重要的作用。植被是陆地生态系统的主体和最具特色的部分，人类活动及其对植被的利用显著影响着地球系统中植被与气候的关系。本项目将耦合了植物生态过程的区域气候模式GEMRAMS应用于三江源区，实现植被-大气相互作用的双向反馈，真实地体现植被在气候模拟中的影响与作用，检验模式对三江源区气候变化、生物量、及植被净初级生产力NPP的模拟性能。改进陆面参数，提高模式的模拟能力；研究全球变化背景下，CO2浓度增加与气温升高时，植物生态过程对气候变化的影响及响应，人类放牧活动与生态修复工程影响下三江源区的气候变化与植物生态过程的变化；同时在多组敏感性数值模拟试验研究的基础上，探讨三江源区植物生态过程与大气相互作用、影响的机理，为三江源区的生态环境保护、畜牧业的可持续发展提供必要的科学依据。

首先，本项目基于气象台站观测资料和卫星遥感反演的叶面积指数LAI资料，对比分析了基于不同卫星反演的LAI资料，进一步研究了三江源及高原区域的LAI时空特征及其与主要气候因子的关系；其次，基于MODIS叶面积指数资料，选择典型年，通过与上世纪九十年代的叶面积指数资料相比较，设计了一组控制实验和放牧与植被修复工程二组敏感性试验，利用区域气候模式研究了全球变化背景下人类活动对区域气候的影响；最后，在气候资料统计分析和数值试验研究的基础之上，探讨了三江源与高原区域植被与大气相互作用、影响的机理。为三江源与高原区域的生态环境保护提供科学依据。