高速公路混行交通流移动瓶颈随机扰动机理与实证研究

As the number of newly built and rebuilt expressway lanes increased to three lanes and above in China, the impact of the sudden changes of traffic flow characteristics and self-organization behavior on traffic flow itself have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is more urgent to study the random disturbance phenomenon of moving bottleneck caused by unsettled conditions. In this research project, firstly, based on the measured data of the traffic, a multi-lane mixed traffic flow model is presented which accords with the traffic flow characteristics of expressway in China. Then, taking different types of drivers and moving bottlenecks as starting points, the formation mechanism of random disturbance under different conditions and its evolution laws in steady state and metastable state traffic flow are analyzed. Secondly, the functional relationship between the random disturbance amplitude and the phase transition probability as well as the reflection form of the phase transition in the fundamental diagram of the traffic flow are investigated; and then the relationship between the random disturbance and the critical characteristics of the traffic flow phase transition is explored to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the influence of random disturbance on the traffic flow. Finally, a controllability traffic flow experiment is conducted on a selected typical expressway section to find out the physical characteristics of spontaneous congestion and explore effective management control measures that can inhibit the generation and expansion of random disturbance. This research project complies with the main trend of the expressway great development in China, effectively fills the academic blank in the field of random disturbance and phase transition mechanism of traffic flow under non-objective conditions, and has theoretical and practical guiding significance on accelerating the construction of national traffic control network and the pilot of intelligent traffic.

随着我国新建和改建高速公路车道数增加至三车道及以上，交通流的特性突变及其自组织行为对交通的影响愈发严重，针对非固定条件引起的移动瓶颈随机扰动进行研究也更加迫切。首先，本课题基于交通实测数据，构建符合我国高速公路交通流特征的多车道混行交通流模型。然后，以不同类型驾驶员和移动瓶颈为切入点，分析不同条件下随机扰动的形成机理，及其在稳态、亚稳态交通流中的演化规律。其次，解析随机扰动幅度与相变概率间的函数关系及相变在交通流基本图中的反映形式；探究随机扰动与交通流相变临界特征间的关系，以此揭示随机扰动对交通流影响的微观机理。最后，选取典型路段开展可控性交通流实验，挖掘自发拥堵的物理特征，探索能抑制随机扰动产生及扩张的有效管控手段。本课题的研究顺应我国高速公路大发展的趋势，有效填补非客观条件下交通流随机扰动相变机理领域的学术空白，对加快推进国家交通控制网构建和智慧交通试点有一定的理论和实践指导意义。

随着我国新建和改建高速公路车道数增加至三车道及以上，交通流的特性突变及其自组织行为对交通的影响愈发严重，针对非固定条件引起的移动瓶颈随机扰动进行研究也更加迫切。首先，基于交通实测数据，在传统交通流基本图理论和三相交通流体系框架下建立了考虑驾驶员行为特征、移动瓶颈、特殊路段及新型智能网联环境下的单车道和多车道异质交通流模型。然后，针对不同驾驶员特性、网联车渗透比例、特殊路段条件造成的车流内部随机扰动形成和演化机理进行分析研究，探究了高速公路混行交通流中移动瓶颈带来的随机扰动对单车道及多车道交通流产生的影响。其次，对驾驶员特性进行进一步挖掘，针对不同类型的驾驶员在移动瓶颈影响范围内的驾驶行为，分析移动瓶颈带来的扰动在车流传播过程中的多样性特征，揭示移动瓶颈前后交通流的时空演化规律，以此揭示随机扰动对交通流影响的微观机理。最后，运用建立的元胞自动机等模型进行了交通流仿真实验，通过调研连霍高速公路等区段获取的实际数据，标定仿真实验所需要的交通流参数，仿真道路交通流的时空图、流量—密度关系图、速度—密度关系图，以及各自的临界特性，从而验证仿真模型的正确性，挖掘自发拥堵的物理特征，探索能抑制随机扰动产生及扩张的有效管控手段。本课题的研究顺应我国高速公路大发展的趋势，有效填补非客观条件下交通流随机扰动相变机理领域的学术空白，对加快推进国家交通控制网构建和智慧交通试点有一定的理论和实践指导意义。