基于热载荷传递路径构筑机理的结构热稳定性设计方法研究

The project proposes an identification method of heat transfer path directing the thermal process of Precision mechanical structure to ensure the thermal stability of precision mechanical performance. The mathematical characterization method of heat transfer paths is developed to explore the inside coupling principles between heat flow and heat transfer path. The possible relationship between the distribution patterns of heat transfer path and the thermal response of mechanical system is investigated so as to clarify the influence law of heat transfer path on thermal stability. The construction mechanism of optimal heat transfer paths provide informative guidelines to reveal the internal connection among precision mechanical structure, layout and cooperation. To build a description of the internal mathematical model of heat transfer path and the thermal response under the coupling load of the action of single and multiple incentives, we treat the distribution patterns of heat transfer path of precision mechanical system as the control function of the thermal process of Precision mechanical structure. Based on the analysis of sensitivity, the layout optimization of the system and the topology optimization of part are converted into the optimal path of heat transfer path, which can support the theory of the innovative design of the thermal structure of precision machinery.

为保证精密机械性能的热稳定性，本项目提出一种热载荷传递路径辨识方法，用于指导精密机械结构的热设计过程。探索热载荷传递路径的构筑机理；研究热载荷传递路径的数学表征方法，分析热量流动与热载荷传递路径间的内在耦合规律；探索热载荷传递路径分布形态与机械系统热响应特性间的内在联系，揭示热载荷传递路径选择对热稳性的影响规律;研究最佳热载荷传递路径的热力学构筑机理，揭示精密机械零件结构、布局和配合关系对热载荷传递路径的影响规律。以精密机械系统内部热载荷传递路径的分布形态作为热结构设计的控制函数，构建描述单一激励和多激励耦合作用下热载荷传递路径与热响应特性间内在联系的数学模型，基于灵敏度分析，将系统整机布局优化和基于热传递信息、功能信息和配合信息的零件拓扑优化，转化为热载荷传递路径的寻优问题，为精密机械热结构的创新设计提供基础理论支撑。

在机械系统复杂化与服役工况极限化的发展趋势下，对于结构热设计的要求也越来越高。项目在深入分析精密主轴动态热特性机理的基础上，构建了热载荷传递路径辨识的数学表征和可视化方法，分析了热载荷路径的分布形态对结构热承载能力的影响，求解了热载荷传递路径与热响应变化规律的定量关系，给出了热载荷路径寻优的设计方法。对主轴系统内部多场耦合影响机制展开研究，揭示了主轴零部件结构、布局和配合关系与热载荷传递路径分布形态的内在联系，给出了球轴承热稳定性与机床主轴运行性能之间的影响规律，为精密机械热结构的创新设计提供基础理论支撑，并研发了主轴热特性分析和设计软件。搭建了主轴负载性能测试实验台，设计了主轴动态加载实验，模拟了轴系的服役工况，得到了精密机床主轴驱动系统性能参数变化对整机热服役性能的影响规律。研究结果将进一步提升精密机械热误差补偿和结构优化设计能力，丰富人们对热载荷传递行为的认识，为通过结构设计保证精密机械服役性能的热稳定性提供理论支撑，具有重要的学术意义和工程应用价值。