橡胶填料网格结构的演化行为与力学性能关系研究

Silicon dioxide nanoparticle filled silicon rubber is inevitably employed in weapon system, which plays a critical role on weapon’s safety and reliability. Due to its intrinsic complexity and the restriction of analyzing techniques, we still lack of the microstructure of filler network as well as its reinforcement mechanism. To solve such a challenge, ultra-small angle x-ray scattering is used to follow the structure evolution of filler network under temperature and stress condition, which is capable to cover the structural length scale of filler and is also an effective tool for in-situ study. With such an approach, we are going to construct a direct correlation between filler network structure and mechanical behavior of rubber composite. The output of current project may help to guide the design of high performance rubber material for weapon application.

白碳黑填充硅橡胶是战略武器中不可或缺也是影响武器安全性和可靠性最为敏感的关键材料之一。由于白碳黑填料网络结构的复杂性和研究技术方法的限制，对其微观结构和增强机理还缺乏深入认识，影响武器系统安全性评估和预测。针对这一问题，本项目计划采用既满足填料网络结构尺度也能在热力耦合外场加载条件下实现原位检测的超小角X射线散射技术，通过研制与X射线散射联用的高低温拉伸原位样品装置，实时跟踪温度、拉伸等外场作用下填料网络结构的形变与破坏。采用X射线三维成像技术，获得填料网络实空间三维结构，辅助X射线散射数据处理和模型构建。实验上建立网络结构演化与宏观力学行为的定量关系，探究填料网络增强的机理，为武器材料设计和安全性预测提供理论基础。

本项目针对武器系统中的关键功能材料白炭黑填充硅橡胶为主要研究载体，设计研制一台能与超小角X射线散射实验方法联用的低温拉伸装置，发展原位研究填料填充的复合橡胶体系中填料网络结构和力学性能关系的方法学。结合同步辐射X射线散射和X射线三维成像技术，系统地研究了白炭黑填充硅橡胶等复合橡胶体系拉伸过程中的结构与性能关系，探索了填料网络结构增强的微观机理和Mullins效应的根源，理解填料网络与晶体结构的破坏与重构与宏观力学性能之间的关系，为武器系统中橡胶材料的长期服役安全性和可靠性提供材料基础理论支撑和实验依据。