干旱区灌溉农田土壤水分深层渗漏动态特征研究

Soil water leakage at the deep soil layer is one of the important ways of agricultural water loss. Unreasonable agricultural irrigation easily caused secondary environmental problems, e.g. water and soil pollution. So far, it is very difficult to real-time quantitatively monitor soil water leakage at the deep soil layer as the limit in observation methods. This project will apply the equipment (YWB – 01) as the deep soil water datarecorder study the leakage and the dynamic of deep soil water in arid region through long-term continuous monitoring. The experiment treatment include the different soil texture (sand, loam and clay) and planting patterns (annual and perennial ) in the farmland. We will analyze the effects of soil texture, planting patterns, crop growth, irrigation schedule onsoil water leakageat the deep soil layer.The study will reveal the seasonal change of deep percolation at the farmland in the arid region,estimate accurately the leakage of irrigated farmland, build the model of water leakage and irrigation water, and optimize the existing irrigation system. This project will provide the basic theory for recycle and balance of soil water on the farmland, rational utilization of water resources and cropping pattern.Finally, this project will optimize the utilization of groundwater and water saving agricultural development.

土壤水渗漏是农业用水损失的重要途径之一，不合理的农田灌溉容易造成水土污染等次生环境问题，在干旱区尤为突出。目前，由于观测手段的限制，实时定量监测深层渗漏量较为困难。本项目利用YWB-01型土壤深层水量记录仪，通过长期连续实时定位监测，系统研究干旱区不同土壤质地（砂土、壤土、粘土）和不同种植模式（1年生或者多年生）农田在不同灌溉制度下的土壤水分深层渗漏量及其动态特征，分析质地、种植模式、作物生长和灌溉制度对农田水分深层渗漏的影响及其相互作用，进一步揭示干旱区不同农田土壤水分深层渗漏的季节变化规律，准确估算灌溉农田深层渗漏水量，构建其渗漏水量与灌溉水量的关系模型，优化现有的灌溉制度，为干旱区农田水分循环和平衡研究、水资源合理利用和农作物合理布局，进而为地下水合理开发利用和节水农业发展提供论依据。

渗漏是灌溉农业水分损失的重要途径之一，在干旱区表现得尤为突出。由于监测土壤深层渗漏的手段受到仪器设备限制，实时定量监测土壤深层渗漏量成为学术研究的难点和空白。本项目利用近年来研发的 YWB-01型土壤深层渗漏水量记录仪，连续3年实时定位监测了原状土以及沙土、壤土和黏土在大水漫灌、滴灌、喷灌以及控水定量灌溉等条件下的深层渗漏水量动态过程；分析了土壤质地、种植模式、作物生长和灌溉制度等对农田水分深层渗漏的影响及相互作用过程，初步揭示了干旱区不同质地土壤灌溉农田深层渗漏水量的季节变化规律、不同灌溉方式农田深层渗漏水量的特点；初步构建了农田渗漏水量与灌溉水量的关系模型、并提出了基于最少渗漏水量的优化灌溉制度；为干旱区灌溉农田节约灌溉用水量、提高水分利用价值等提高了理论依据。同时，为干旱区地下水合理开发利用和节水农业发展提供新的评价途径。